diff --git a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarAnalyticsView.swift b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarAnalyticsView.swift
index 4162a4af..8ba2c52f 100644
--- a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarAnalyticsView.swift
+++ b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarAnalyticsView.swift
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ struct BarAnalyticsView: View {
   /// Spend header (using the otherwise-blank space) so the user switches
   /// bars/line in place rather than digging into Settings. nil for `.breakdown`.
   var onToggleSpendStyle: (() -> Void)? = nil
+  /// Selected time window for the spend chart. Default .last7d so the rolling
+  /// 7-day view is the startup default, matching SpendPeriodStore's default.
+  var spendPeriod: SpendPeriod = .last7d
+  /// Callback when the user taps a period selector button. nil for .breakdown.
+  var onSelectPeriod: ((SpendPeriod) -> Void)? = nil
 
   private var lastActive: String? {
     BarFormatting.lastActiveLabel(
@@ -71,14 +76,20 @@ struct BarAnalyticsView: View {
     !analytics.bySurface.isEmpty || !analytics.topModels.isEmpty
   }
 
-  /// The collapsed informational spend strip: a "SPEND" label, one muted caption
-  /// line, and a thin inline 30-day sparkline when there is real spend.
+  /// The informational spend strip: a "SPEND" label, period selector,
+  /// bars/line toggle, a muted caption, a taller sparkline, and axis labels.
   private var spendStrip: some View {
     VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 5) {
+      // Header row: section label | period selector | bars/line toggle.
       HStack(spacing: 6) {
         SectionLabel("Spend")
         Spacer()
-        // Inline bars/line toggle in the header's blank space — no Settings trip.
+        // Compact 3-segment period selector — only when there is data to chart,
+        // so the idle state shows no controls that would have no visible effect.
+        if let select = onSelectPeriod, analytics.hasRecentData {
+          periodSelector(onSelect: select)
+        }
+        // Inline bars/line toggle — only when there is data to render.
         if let toggle = onToggleSpendStyle, analytics.hasRecentData, !sparklineIsEmpty {
           Button(action: toggle) {
             Image(
@@ -92,16 +103,16 @@ struct BarAnalyticsView: View {
           .help("Spend graph: switch to \(spendChartStyle == .bars ? "line" : "bars")")
         }
       }
+
       if analytics.hasRecentData {
         Text(spendCaption)
           .font(.caption2)
           .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
-        if !sparklineIsEmpty {
-          // height: 30 (up from 18) so daily spend gradations are clearly readable.
-          Sparkline(values: analytics.byDay.map(\.cost), accent: theme.accent,
-                    style: spendChartStyle)
-            .frame(height: 30)
-        }
+        // height: 56 — more room so per-hour or per-day gradations are readable.
+        Sparkline(values: activeSeries, accent: theme.accent, style: spendChartStyle)
+          .frame(height: 56)
+        // Axis labels below the chart, aligned to the same width.
+        axisLabelRow
       } else {
         Text(idleCaption)
           .font(.caption2)
@@ -110,11 +121,129 @@ struct BarAnalyticsView: View {
     }
   }
 
-  /// One-line rollup: "today $NN · 7d $N.Nk · 30d $N.Nk".
+  /// Small 3-button period selector: "Today / 7d / 30d".
+  private func periodSelector(onSelect: @escaping (SpendPeriod) -> Void) -> some View {
+    HStack(spacing: 4) {
+      periodButton("Today", period: .today, onSelect: onSelect)
+      periodButton("7d", period: .last7d, onSelect: onSelect)
+      periodButton("30d", period: .last30d, onSelect: onSelect)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func periodButton(
+    _ label: String, period: SpendPeriod, onSelect: @escaping (SpendPeriod) -> Void
+  ) -> some View {
+    Button(label) { onSelect(period) }
+      .buttonStyle(.borderless)
+      .font(
+        spendPeriod == period
+          ? .system(size: 10, weight: .semibold)
+          : .system(size: 10))
+      .foregroundStyle(spendPeriod == period ? theme.accent : Color.secondary)
+  }
+
+  /// The value series for the currently-selected period.
+  private var activeSeries: [Double] {
+    switch spendPeriod {
+    case .today:
+      return analytics.byHour.map(\.cost)
+    case .last7d:
+      return Array(analytics.byDay.suffix(7)).map(\.cost)
+    case .last30d:
+      return analytics.byDay.map(\.cost)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Caption showing the cost for the active period. Each period sums the SAME
+  /// series it charts so the caption total always matches the visible bars.
   private var spendCaption: String {
-    "today \(BarFormatting.money(analytics.today.cost))"
-      + " · 7d \(BarFormatting.money(analytics.last7d.cost))"
-      + " · 30d \(BarFormatting.money(analytics.last30d.cost))"
+    switch spendPeriod {
+    case .today:
+      // Sum byHour (the charted series) so caption == bars. Fall back to the
+      // daily today total only when there is no hourly series to draw.
+      let cost =
+        analytics.byHour.isEmpty
+        ? analytics.today.cost
+        : analytics.byHour.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.cost }
+      return "today \(BarFormatting.money(cost))"
+    case .last7d:
+      let cost = Array(analytics.byDay.suffix(7)).reduce(0) { $0 + $1.cost }
+      return "7d \(BarFormatting.money(cost))"
+    case .last30d:
+      return "30d \(BarFormatting.money(analytics.last30d.cost))"
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Axis labels rendered below the sparkline. Each tick is placed at its data
+  /// point's horizontal fraction (bar-center) so the label sits under the hour /
+  /// day it names — not merely evenly distributed, which drifts on the Today
+  /// view where the tick indices aren't at even fractions of the width. Edge
+  /// labels are clamped inward by their estimated half-width so they don't clip.
+  @ViewBuilder private var axisLabelRow: some View {
+    let ticks = axisTicks(for: spendPeriod)
+    if !ticks.isEmpty {
+      GeometryReader { geo in
+        let width = Double(geo.size.width)
+        ForEach(Array(ticks.enumerated()), id: \.offset) { _, tick in
+          // ~2.75pt per char at 9pt monospaced is half a glyph; clamp keeps the
+          // first/last labels fully on-screen.
+          let halfW = max(8.0, Double(tick.label.count) * 2.75)
+          let x = min(max(tick.fraction * width, halfW), max(halfW, width - halfW))
+          Text(tick.label)
+            .font(.system(size: 9, design: .monospaced))
+            .foregroundStyle(.tertiary)
+            .lineLimit(1)
+            .fixedSize()
+            .position(x: x, y: 6)
+        }
+      }
+      .frame(height: 12)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Tick (label, horizontal fraction 0...1) pairs for the current period.
+  /// Fraction is the bar CENTER ((i + 0.5) / count) so labels align under the
+  /// default bar chart; for the line style the end ticks differ by half a bar,
+  /// which is visually negligible.
+  private func axisTicks(for period: SpendPeriod) -> [(label: String, fraction: Double)] {
+    func center(_ i: Int, _ n: Int) -> Double { n > 0 ? (Double(i) + 0.5) / Double(n) : 0 }
+    switch period {
+    case .today:
+      // Hours at 0, 6, 12, 18, 23 — only those that exist.
+      let hours = analytics.byHour
+      guard !hours.isEmpty else { return [] }
+      let n = hours.count
+      return [0, 6, 12, 18, 23].compactMap { idx -> (String, Double)? in
+        guard idx < n, let label = BarCardFormatting.hourShort(fromHourKey: hours[idx].hour)
+        else { return nil }
+        return (label, center(idx, n))
+      }
+
+    case .last7d:
+      // All 7 days (or whatever suffix(7) yields): short weekday "Mon".
+      let days = Array(analytics.byDay.suffix(7))
+      guard !days.isEmpty else { return [] }
+      let n = days.count
+      return days.enumerated().compactMap { (i, d) -> (String, Double)? in
+        guard let label = BarCardFormatting.weekdayShort(fromDayKey: d.date) else { return nil }
+        return (label, center(i, n))
+      }
+
+    case .last30d:
+      // 5 evenly-spaced "MMM d" labels: first, ~1/4, mid, ~3/4, last.
+      let days = analytics.byDay
+      guard days.count >= 2 else { return [] }
+      let n = days.count
+      let last = n - 1
+      let indices = [0, last / 4, last / 2, last * 3 / 4, last].reduce(into: [Int]()) { acc, i in
+        if acc.last != i { acc.append(i) }
+      }
+      return indices.compactMap { i -> (String, Double)? in
+        guard i < n, let label = BarCardFormatting.monthDayShort(fromDayKey: days[i].date)
+        else { return nil }
+        return (label, center(i, n))
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   /// Honest idle caption when there's no recent spend, folding in last-active.
@@ -125,8 +254,10 @@ struct BarAnalyticsView: View {
     return headline
   }
 
+  /// True when the active period's series is all zero. Still shows the chart
+  /// frame + axis (do not hide them), but the bars/line toggle is suppressed.
   private var sparklineIsEmpty: Bool {
-    analytics.byDay.allSatisfy { $0.cost <= 0 }
+    activeSeries.allSatisfy { $0 <= 0 }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarCardFormatting.swift b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarCardFormatting.swift
index 0121faa1..c2c8fda4 100644
--- a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarCardFormatting.swift
+++ b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarCardFormatting.swift
@@ -51,4 +51,57 @@ enum BarCardFormatting {
     fmt.dateFormat = "HH:mm"
     return fmt.string(from: date)
   }
+
+  // MARK: - Axis label formatters (used by BarAnalyticsView spend chart)
+
+  /// Short hour label from a byHour key "YYYY-MM-DD HH:00", e.g. "12a", "6p".
+  /// Extracts the HH part (characters at index 11-12) and converts to 12-hour
+  /// format with lowercase "a"/"p" suffix. Returns nil for unparseable keys.
+  static func hourShort(fromHourKey key: String) -> String? {
+    // key format: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:00" — HH is at offset 11, length 2.
+    guard key.count >= 13 else { return nil }
+    let start = key.index(key.startIndex, offsetBy: 11)
+    let end = key.index(start, offsetBy: 2)
+    guard let hour = Int(key[start..<end]) else { return nil }
+    switch hour {
+    case 0: return "12a"
+    case 1..<12: return "\(hour)a"
+    case 12: return "12p"
+    default: return "\(hour - 12)p"
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Short weekday label from a byDay key "YYYY-MM-DD", e.g. "Mon".
+  /// Returns nil for unparseable keys. Formats in UTC to match how `dayDate`
+  /// parses the key, so the weekday names the calendar day the key represents
+  /// (formatting in local time would shift it a day for users west of UTC).
+  static func weekdayShort(fromDayKey key: String) -> String? {
+    guard let date = dayDate(fromKey: key) else { return nil }
+    let fmt = DateFormatter()
+    fmt.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
+    fmt.timeZone = TimeZone(identifier: "UTC")
+    fmt.dateFormat = "EEE"
+    return fmt.string(from: date)
+  }
+
+  /// Short month+day label from a byDay key "YYYY-MM-DD", e.g. "Jun 5".
+  /// Returns nil for unparseable keys. Formats in UTC to match `dayDate`'s
+  /// parse zone so the label names the same calendar day as the key.
+  static func monthDayShort(fromDayKey key: String) -> String? {
+    guard let date = dayDate(fromKey: key) else { return nil }
+    let fmt = DateFormatter()
+    fmt.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
+    fmt.timeZone = TimeZone(identifier: "UTC")
+    fmt.dateFormat = "MMM d"
+    return fmt.string(from: date)
+  }
+
+  /// Parse a "YYYY-MM-DD" key into a Date at midnight UTC.
+  private static func dayDate(fromKey key: String) -> Date? {
+    let fmt = DateFormatter()
+    fmt.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
+    fmt.timeZone = TimeZone(identifier: "UTC")
+    fmt.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"
+    return fmt.date(from: key)
+  }
 }
diff --git a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarMenuView.swift b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarMenuView.swift
index 4c6b9df2..5a7e08cf 100644
--- a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarMenuView.swift
+++ b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarMenuView.swift
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ struct BarMenuView: View {
             accountsSection
 
             // (3) SPEND — demoted to a thin informational strip below the cockpit.
-            // spendChartStyle is threaded from the viewModel and toggled inline
-            // from the Spend header, so a change updates the chart immediately.
+            // spendChartStyle and spendPeriod are threaded from the viewModel and
+            // toggled/selected inline from the Spend header so changes are live.
             if let analytics = viewModel.analytics {
               Divider()
               BarAnalyticsView(
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ struct BarMenuView: View {
                 onToggleSpendStyle: {
                   viewModel.spendChartStyle =
                     viewModel.spendChartStyle == .bars ? .line : .bars
-                })
+                },
+                spendPeriod: viewModel.spendPeriod,
+                onSelectPeriod: { viewModel.spendPeriod = $0 })
             }
 
             // (4) POOL ACCOUNTS — compact generic rows, subordinate.
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ struct BarMenuView: View {
       } else {
         subscriptionsHeader(parts.subscriptions)
         ForEach(orderedSubscriptions(parts.subscriptions)) { row in
-          BarSubscriptionCard(row: row)
+          BarSubscriptionCard(row: row, onRefresh: { viewModel.forceRefresh() })
         }
       }
     }
@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ struct BarMenuView: View {
       .help("Settings — appearance/theme, menu-bar glance, and alerts")
       Spacer()
       Button {
-        viewModel.onOpen()
+        viewModel.forceRefresh()
       } label: {
         Image(systemName: "arrow.clockwise")
       }
diff --git a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarSubscriptionCard.swift b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarSubscriptionCard.swift
index 34bbbc4e..cf96fdde 100644
--- a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarSubscriptionCard.swift
+++ b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarSubscriptionCard.swift
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ struct BarSubscriptionCard: View {
   /// Injected clock — defaults to live Date() in production, pinned in previews
   /// and tests so countdown math is deterministic.
   var now: Date = Date()
+  /// Optional force-refresh action. When provided, the stale footnote appends a
+  /// compact inline refresh button so the user can reload without reopening menus.
+  var onRefresh: (() -> Void)? = nil
 
   private var windows: [QuotaWindowDetail] { row.quotaWindows ?? [] }
 
@@ -219,6 +222,8 @@ struct BarSubscriptionCard: View {
 
   /// "as of HH:mm (older session)" caption when the Codex reading came from an
   /// older session. The bar still renders — the data is real, just not live.
+  /// When `onRefresh` is provided, a compact inline refresh button trails the
+  /// caption so the user can force-reload without extra navigation.
   @ViewBuilder private var staleFootnote: some View {
     if let stale = row.staleAsOf, let clock = BarCardFormatting.clockTime(iso: stale) {
       HStack(spacing: 4) {
@@ -228,6 +233,15 @@ struct BarSubscriptionCard: View {
         Text("as of \(clock), older session")
           .font(.caption2)
           .foregroundStyle(.tertiary)
+        if let refresh = onRefresh {
+          Button(action: refresh) {
+            Image(systemName: "arrow.clockwise")
+              .font(.system(size: 9))
+          }
+          .buttonStyle(.borderless)
+          .foregroundStyle(.tertiary)
+          .help("Force refresh to get the latest data")
+        }
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarViewModel.swift b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarViewModel.swift
index cbfd324a..8a90c377 100644
--- a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarViewModel.swift
+++ b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarApp/BarViewModel.swift
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ final class BarViewModel: ObservableObject {
   @Published var spendChartStyle: SpendChartStyle {
     didSet { SpendChartStyleStore.save(spendChartStyle) }
   }
+  /// Active time window for the spend sparkline (today/7d/30d). Persisted via
+  /// SpendPeriodStore; didSet mirrors the spendChartStyle pattern.
+  @Published var spendPeriod: SpendPeriod {
+    didSet { SpendPeriodStore.save(spendPeriod) }
+  }
   /// The alerts the most recent evaluation wanted delivered, surfaced in the
   /// dropdown so users who deny notifications still see the conditions.
   @Published var activeAlerts: [BarNotification] = []
@@ -71,6 +76,7 @@ final class BarViewModel: ObservableObject {
     self.appearance = BarAppearanceStore.load()
     self.glanceMode = prefs.load().glanceMode
     self.spendChartStyle = SpendChartStyleStore.load()
+    self.spendPeriod = SpendPeriodStore.load()
     reconnect()
     startBackgroundPolling()
   }
@@ -219,6 +225,16 @@ final class BarViewModel: ObservableObject {
     reconnectAndLoad(force: force)
   }
 
+  // MARK: - Force refresh (bypasses the 15s debounce)
+
+  /// Unconditional force-refresh: skips the debouncer and calls
+  /// `reconnectAndLoad(force: true)` directly. Used by the footer Refresh button
+  /// and by the Codex stale-footnote inline action so those never silently no-op
+  /// inside the debounce window.
+  func forceRefresh() {
+    reconnectAndLoad(force: true)
+  }
+
   // MARK: - Start CCS (called from offline UI button)
 
   /// Trigger a full connect sequence (probe → launch → poll). Used by the
diff --git a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarCore/BarAnalytics.swift b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarCore/BarAnalytics.swift
index b1a4e304..17513960 100644
--- a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarCore/BarAnalytics.swift
+++ b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarCore/BarAnalytics.swift
@@ -57,6 +57,20 @@ public struct BarAnalytics: Codable, Sendable, Equatable {
     }
   }
 
+  /// Spend and request count for one hour of today. 24 entries, zero-filled,
+  /// oldest (00:00) to newest (23:00). The `hour` key is "YYYY-MM-DD HH:00".
+  public struct Hour: Codable, Sendable, Equatable, Identifiable {
+    public let hour: String
+    public let cost: Double
+    public let requests: Int
+    public var id: String { hour }
+    public init(hour: String, cost: Double, requests: Int) {
+      self.hour = hour
+      self.cost = cost
+      self.requests = requests
+    }
+  }
+
   public let today: Window
   public let last7d: Window
   public let last30d: Window
@@ -67,6 +81,9 @@ public struct BarAnalytics: Codable, Sendable, Equatable {
   public let allTime: Window
   /// Oldest → newest, exactly 30 zero-filled entries, for the sparkline.
   public let byDay: [Day]
+  /// Today's hourly breakdown: 24 entries, oldest (00:00) → newest (23:00),
+  /// zero-filled. Absent from older payloads; defaults to [].
+  public let byHour: [Hour]
   public let topModels: [Model]
   /// "30d" when recent data exists, else "all".
   public let topModelsWindow: String
@@ -90,6 +107,7 @@ public struct BarAnalytics: Codable, Sendable, Equatable {
     monthToDate: Window = Window(cost: 0, requests: 0),
     allTime: Window,
     byDay: [Day],
+    byHour: [Hour] = [],
     topModels: [Model],
     topModelsWindow: String,
     lastActivityAt: String? = nil,
@@ -104,6 +122,7 @@ public struct BarAnalytics: Codable, Sendable, Equatable {
     self.monthToDate = monthToDate
     self.allTime = allTime
     self.byDay = byDay
+    self.byHour = byHour
     self.topModels = topModels
     self.topModelsWindow = topModelsWindow
     self.lastActivityAt = lastActivityAt
@@ -127,6 +146,9 @@ public struct BarAnalytics: Codable, Sendable, Equatable {
       (try c.decodeIfPresent(Window.self, forKey: .monthToDate)) ?? Window(cost: 0, requests: 0)
     allTime = try c.decode(Window.self, forKey: .allTime)
     byDay = try c.decode([Day].self, forKey: .byDay)
+    // `byHour` is a new field; older payloads omit it. Default to [] so cached
+    // or older-backend payloads decode cleanly without throwing.
+    byHour = (try c.decodeIfPresent([Hour].self, forKey: .byHour)) ?? []
     topModels = try c.decode([Model].self, forKey: .topModels)
     topModelsWindow = try c.decode(String.self, forKey: .topModelsWindow)
     lastActivityAt = try c.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .lastActivityAt)
diff --git a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarCore/BarChartStyle.swift b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarCore/BarChartStyle.swift
index b4befb45..0d629094 100644
--- a/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarCore/BarChartStyle.swift
+++ b/macos-bar/Sources/CCSBarCore/BarChartStyle.swift
@@ -33,3 +33,32 @@ public enum SpendChartStyleStore {
     UserDefaults.standard.set(style.rawValue, forKey: defaultsKey)
   }
 }
+
+// MARK: - SpendPeriod
+
+/// Time window for the spend sparkline selector: today (hourly), last 7 days,
+/// or last 30 days. Mirrors the SpendChartStyle pattern: CaseIterable + Sendable.
+public enum SpendPeriod: String, CaseIterable, Sendable {
+  case today
+  case last7d
+  case last30d
+}
+
+// MARK: - SpendPeriodStore
+
+/// Persists the chosen spend period. Mirrors SpendChartStyleStore exactly:
+/// a UserDefaults key, a static load, and a static save. The `?? .last7d`
+/// fallback is the sole source of the default.
+public enum SpendPeriodStore {
+  public static let defaultsKey = "ccsbar.spendPeriod"
+
+  public static func load() -> SpendPeriod {
+    let raw = UserDefaults.standard.string(forKey: defaultsKey)
+      ?? SpendPeriod.last7d.rawValue
+    return SpendPeriod(rawValue: raw) ?? .last7d
+  }
+
+  public static func save(_ period: SpendPeriod) {
+    UserDefaults.standard.set(period.rawValue, forKey: defaultsKey)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/web-server/routes/bar-routes.ts b/src/web-server/routes/bar-routes.ts
index 90abafa2..c6d8af96 100644
--- a/src/web-server/routes/bar-routes.ts
+++ b/src/web-server/routes/bar-routes.ts
@@ -150,8 +150,17 @@ export interface BarRouterDeps {
    * async so older tests that build deps without it keep passing. The native
    * collector owns its own long-TTL cache + safety controls, so this is cheap
    * to call per request.
+   *
+   * `opts.force` is forwarded when a debounce-passing refresh=true is in flight,
+   * so the native rows are re-pulled live alongside the CLIProxy rows.
    */
-  getNativeAccountRows?: () => Promise<BarSummaryRow[]>;
+  getNativeAccountRows?: (opts?: { force?: boolean }) => Promise<BarSummaryRow[]>;
+  /**
+   * Last-known native rows from cache, with NO fetch. Used as an instant
+   * fallback when a forced live native re-pull overruns the side-load budget,
+   * so the Claude/Codex cards never vanish mid-refresh. Defaults to [].
+   */
+  getCachedNativeRows?: () => BarSummaryRow[];
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -547,10 +556,17 @@ export function createBarRouter(deps: BarRouterDeps): Router {
       const rows = await Promise.race([gather, deadline]);
 
       // Native subscription rows (Claude Code + Codex) are side-loaded AFTER the
-      // CLIProxy rows resolve, bounded so a slow/failed native fetch degrades to
-      // [] rather than blocking or erroring the response.
+      // CLIProxy rows resolve, bounded so a slow/failed native fetch degrades
+      // rather than blocking or erroring the response. Pass force so a
+      // debounce-passing refresh also re-pulls native rows live. On timeout fall
+      // back to the last-known cached native rows (NOT []) so a slow forced
+      // re-pull never momentarily drops the Claude/Codex cards; the in-flight
+      // fetch keeps warming the cache for the next poll.
       const getNative = deps.getNativeAccountRows ?? (async () => [] as BarSummaryRow[]);
-      const nativeRows = (await withTimeout(getNative(), NATIVE_SIDELOAD_TIMEOUT_MS)) ?? [];
+      const getCachedNative = deps.getCachedNativeRows ?? (() => [] as BarSummaryRow[]);
+      const nativeRows =
+        (await withTimeout(getNative({ force: doForceRefresh }), NATIVE_SIDELOAD_TIMEOUT_MS)) ??
+        getCachedNative();
 
       res.json([...rows, ...nativeRows].map(serializeBarRow));
     } catch (err) {
@@ -607,7 +623,7 @@ import { fetchAccountQuota } from '../../cliproxy/quota/quota-fetcher';
 import { getTodayCostByAccount } from '../usage/data-aggregator';
 import { loadCliproxySnapshotDetails } from '../usage/cliproxy-snapshot-reader';
 import { getCachedDailyData, getCachedHourlyData } from '../usage/aggregator';
-import { getNativeAccountRows } from '../usage/native-quota-collector';
+import { getNativeAccountRows, getCachedNativeAccountRows } from '../usage/native-quota-collector';
 
 /** Production bar router — wired to real dependencies */
 const barRouter: Router = createBarRouter({
@@ -620,7 +636,8 @@ const barRouter: Router = createBarRouter({
   loadCliproxyDetails: loadCliproxySnapshotDetails,
   loadDailyUsage: () => getCachedDailyData(),
   loadHourlyUsage: () => getCachedHourlyData(),
-  getNativeAccountRows: () => getNativeAccountRows(),
+  getNativeAccountRows: (opts) => getNativeAccountRows(undefined, opts),
+  getCachedNativeRows: getCachedNativeAccountRows,
 });
 
 export default barRouter;
diff --git a/src/web-server/usage/bar-analytics.ts b/src/web-server/usage/bar-analytics.ts
index 45fc6ff6..df4fb5d1 100644
--- a/src/web-server/usage/bar-analytics.ts
+++ b/src/web-server/usage/bar-analytics.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,20 @@ export interface BarAnalyticsDay {
   requests: number;
 }
 
+/**
+ * One hour's roll-up for today's spend chart.
+ * `hour` is the user's LOCAL "YYYY-MM-DD HH:00" clock hour (the UTC keys from
+ * HourlyUsage are converted to local before bucketing). Covers exactly 24
+ * buckets (00:00..23:00) for today only; zero-filled when no activity was
+ * recorded in that hour.
+ */
+export interface BarAnalyticsHour {
+  /** Local "YYYY-MM-DD HH:00" clock-hour bucket key. */
+  hour: string;
+  cost: number;
+  requests: number;
+}
+
 /**
  * One usage surface's contribution to spend over the active window.
  * A "surface" is the tool/origin a request came from (Claude Code, Codex, the
@@ -64,6 +78,14 @@ export interface BarAnalytics {
   allTime: BarAnalyticsWindow;
   /** Oldest → newest, exactly 30 entries (zero-filled), for the sparkline. */
   byDay: BarAnalyticsDay[];
+  /**
+   * Hourly spend + request counts for today only. Exactly 24 entries ordered
+   * 00:00 → 23:00 (local), zero-filled for hours with no activity. Used by the
+   * bar's intra-day spend chart. `hour` keys are "YYYY-MM-DD HH:00" local time
+   * matching HourlyUsage.hour. Empty array from the snapshot-only path
+   * (computeBarAnalytics) which carries no hourly dimension.
+   */
+  byHour: BarAnalyticsHour[];
   /** Highest-spend models (descending, capped) for the window in `topModelsWindow`. */
   topModels: BarAnalyticsModel[];
   /** Which window `topModels` covers — the most recent one that has data. */
@@ -231,6 +253,9 @@ export function computeBarAnalytics(
     monthToDate,
     allTime,
     byDay: Array.from(dayBuckets.values()),
+    // The snapshot-detail path has no hourly dimension; return empty so the wire
+    // shape is stable and callers can always iterate byHour safely.
+    byHour: [],
     topModels,
     topModelsWindow: recentHasData ? '30d' : 'all',
     // The snapshot-detail path has no surface attribution; the daily path does.
@@ -275,6 +300,25 @@ function dateFromDayKey(key: string): Date | null {
   return date;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Convert a "YYYY-MM-DD HH:00" hour key into the user's LOCAL Date.
+ *
+ * The usage pipeline builds hour keys by slicing the raw ISO timestamp, which is
+ * UTC for the CLIProxy/Codex/Claude sources, so the key's HH is a UTC hour. The
+ * dashboard's 24H chart treats these keys as UTC and renders them in local time;
+ * we do the same here so the bar's intra-day chart shows the user's own clock
+ * hours (not UTC) and so a late-local-evening record — which is the next day in
+ * UTC — still lands in today's local chart. Returns null for unparseable keys.
+ */
+function localDateFromHourKey(key: string): Date | null {
+  const match = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2}) (\d{2}):/.exec(key);
+  if (!match) return null;
+  const date = new Date(
+    Date.UTC(Number(match[1]), Number(match[2]) - 1, Number(match[3]), Number(match[4]), 0, 0)
+  );
+  return Number.isNaN(date.getTime()) ? null : date;
+}
+
 /**
  * Roll the merged, multi-source usage aggregates into the bar analytics payload.
  *
@@ -300,6 +344,21 @@ export function computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily(
   // so slice(0,7) yields the local YYYY-MM to compare against the current month.
   const currentMonth = localMonthKey(now);
 
+  // Today's local day key — used to seed the 24 intra-day buckets for the
+  // spend chart and to filter which hourly records belong to today (local).
+  const todayKey = localDayKey(now);
+
+  // Seed 24 zero-filled hour buckets for today, ordered 00 → 23, keyed by the
+  // user's LOCAL clock hour ("YYYY-MM-DD HH:00" in local time). The UTC hour
+  // keys from the usage pipeline are converted to local before being bucketed
+  // here (see localDateFromHourKey), so the chart shows the user's own hours.
+  const hourBuckets = new Map<string, BarAnalyticsHour>();
+  for (let h = 0; h < 24; h++) {
+    const hh = String(h).padStart(2, '0');
+    const key = `${todayKey} ${hh}:00`;
+    hourBuckets.set(key, { hour: key, cost: 0, requests: 0 });
+  }
+
   const dayBuckets = new Map<string, BarAnalyticsDay>();
   for (let i = SPARKLINE_DAYS - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
     const d = new Date(now.getFullYear(), now.getMonth(), now.getDate() - i);
@@ -372,17 +431,40 @@ export function computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily(
   }
 
   // Pass 2 — hourly: request counts (daily aggregates don't carry them).
+  // Also fills the 24-bucket intra-day spend chart for today (local time).
   for (const h of hourly) {
     if (!h || !h.hour) continue;
+
+    // Intra-day hourly buckets (LOCAL): convert the UTC hour key to the user's
+    // local time and bucket today's local hours. Done BEFORE the UTC `delta`
+    // gate below so a late-local-evening record — next day in UTC — still lands
+    // in today's chart. Cost precedence mirrors the daily pass (totalCost, then
+    // cost). Independent of the UTC day-key math the rest of this loop uses.
+    const localHourDate = localDateFromHourKey(h.hour);
+    if (localHourDate && localDayKey(localHourDate) === todayKey) {
+      const hCost = Number.isFinite(h.totalCost)
+        ? h.totalCost
+        : Number.isFinite(h.cost)
+          ? h.cost
+          : 0;
+      const localHH = String(localHourDate.getHours()).padStart(2, '0');
+      const hBucket = hourBuckets.get(`${todayKey} ${localHH}:00`);
+      if (hBucket) {
+        hBucket.cost += hCost;
+        hBucket.requests += Number.isFinite(h.requestCount) ? (h.requestCount as number) : 0;
+      }
+    }
+
     const dayKey = h.hour.slice(0, 10);
     const activityDate = dateFromDayKey(dayKey);
     if (!activityDate) continue;
     const delta = dayDelta(now, activityDate);
     if (delta < 0) continue;
     const requests = Number.isFinite(h.requestCount) ? (h.requestCount as number) : 0;
-    if (requests <= 0) continue;
     const source = h.source || '';
 
+    if (requests <= 0) continue;
+
     allTime.requests += requests;
     bumpSurface(surfaceAll, source, 0, requests);
     touchActivity(dayKey);
@@ -422,6 +504,8 @@ export function computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily(
     monthToDate,
     allTime,
     byDay: Array.from(dayBuckets.values()),
+    // 24 hour buckets for today (00:00 → 23:00 local), zero-filled.
+    byHour: Array.from(hourBuckets.values()),
     topModels,
     topModelsWindow: recentHasData ? '30d' : 'all',
     bySurface,
diff --git a/src/web-server/usage/native-quota-collector.ts b/src/web-server/usage/native-quota-collector.ts
index 80ea8eef..bbddccf1 100644
--- a/src/web-server/usage/native-quota-collector.ts
+++ b/src/web-server/usage/native-quota-collector.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
  * Native subscription quota collector — the ONLY server-side fetch surface for
  * the user's own Claude Code + Codex subscription quota.
  *
- * The macOS bar reads localhost /api/bar/summary and NEVER calls Anthropic. All
- * Anthropic traffic originates here, under strict safety controls, because the
- * OAuth usage endpoint is undocumented and hostile to polling (persistent 429s,
- * no Retry-After, first-party-only policy). The controls below exist to protect
- * the user's account:
+ * The macOS bar reads localhost /api/bar/summary and NEVER calls Anthropic or
+ * ChatGPT. All upstream traffic originates here, under strict safety controls,
+ * because these endpoints are undocumented and hostile to polling (persistent
+ * 429s, no Retry-After, first-party-only policy). The controls below exist to
+ * protect the user's accounts:
  *
  *   - long TTL (10 min) on-demand cache, never a tight timer loop
  *   - in-flight coalescing so concurrent /summary calls share one fetch
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@
  *   - circuit breaker stops calling after repeated 429s for a cooldown
  *   - serve-stale-on-failure; only omit a row when there is genuinely no data
  *
- * Codex is a pure local file read (no network), so it skips the network guards.
+ * Claude path: reads native credentials + polls api.anthropic.com/api/oauth/usage.
+ * Codex path: PRIMARY = live network (chatgpt.com/backend-api/wham/usage, via
+ * fetchCodexQuota), FALLBACK = local session logs (getCodexLocalQuota), mirroring
+ * the same safety pattern as the Claude path.
  */
 
 import {
@@ -25,8 +28,10 @@ import {
   type ClaudeNativeCredentials,
 } from './claude-native-credentials';
 import { fetchClaudeQuotaWithToken } from '../../cliproxy/quota/quota-fetcher-claude';
+import { fetchCodexQuota } from '../../cliproxy/quota/quota-fetcher-codex';
+import { getDefaultAccount } from '../../cliproxy/accounts/query';
 import { getCodexLocalQuota, type CodexLocalQuota } from './codex-local-quota-collector';
-import type { ClaudeQuotaResult } from '../../cliproxy/quota/quota-types';
+import type { ClaudeQuotaResult, CodexQuotaResult } from '../../cliproxy/quota/quota-types';
 import type { BarSummaryRow, QuotaWindowDetail } from '../routes/bar-routes';
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -56,7 +61,7 @@ const CLAUDE_PROVIDER = 'claude-code';
 const CODEX_PROVIDER = 'codex';
 
 // ============================================================================
-// Injectable dependencies (tests inject mocks; never live Anthropic in CI)
+// Injectable dependencies (tests inject mocks; never live endpoints in CI)
 // ============================================================================
 
 export interface NativeQuotaDeps {
@@ -64,7 +69,17 @@ export interface NativeQuotaDeps {
   readCredentials?: () => ClaudeNativeCredentials | null;
   /** Fetch Claude quota with a directly-supplied native token. */
   fetchClaudeQuota?: (accessToken: string, accountId?: string) => Promise<ClaudeQuotaResult>;
-  /** Read Codex quota from local session logs (zero network). */
+  /**
+   * Resolve the default Codex account ID for network quota fetch.
+   * Returns null when no Codex account is configured (bar omits the live path).
+   */
+  getDefaultCodexAccountId?: () => string | null;
+  /**
+   * Fetch Codex quota live from the network.
+   * Injected so tests never hit chatgpt.com.
+   */
+  fetchCodexNetworkQuota?: (accountId: string) => Promise<CodexQuotaResult>;
+  /** Read Codex quota from local session logs (zero network, fallback). */
   getCodexQuota?: () => Promise<CodexLocalQuota | null>;
   /** Clock seam for deterministic backoff/TTL/breaker tests. */
   now?: () => number;
@@ -106,10 +121,12 @@ function freshProviderState(): ProviderState {
 }
 
 const claudeState = freshProviderState();
+const codexState = freshProviderState();
 
 /** Reset all module state. Tests call this to avoid cross-test pollution. */
 export function resetNativeQuotaState(): void {
   Object.assign(claudeState, freshProviderState());
+  Object.assign(codexState, freshProviderState());
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -297,6 +314,75 @@ function buildCodexRow(quota: CodexLocalQuota, now: number): BarSummaryRow {
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Build the Codex row from a LIVE network quota result.
+ *
+ * Uses coreUsage (5h/weekly) to produce QuotaWindowDetail entries with the same
+ * stable keys as the Claude path. quota_percentage = min remaining across present
+ * core windows. next_reset = soonest core resetAt. No staleAsOf on a live result.
+ */
+function buildCodexNetworkRow(quota: CodexQuotaResult, now: number): BarSummaryRow {
+  const windows: QuotaWindowDetail[] = [];
+
+  const fiveHour = quota.coreUsage?.fiveHour;
+  if (fiveHour) {
+    windows.push({
+      key: 'five_hour',
+      label: '5h',
+      usedPercent: 100 - fiveHour.remainingPercent,
+      remainingPercent: fiveHour.remainingPercent,
+      resetAt: fiveHour.resetAt,
+      windowMinutes: FIVE_HOUR_MINUTES,
+    });
+  }
+
+  const weekly = quota.coreUsage?.weekly;
+  if (weekly) {
+    windows.push({
+      key: 'seven_day',
+      label: 'week',
+      usedPercent: 100 - weekly.remainingPercent,
+      remainingPercent: weekly.remainingPercent,
+      resetAt: weekly.resetAt,
+      windowMinutes: SEVEN_DAY_MINUTES,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // quota_percentage = min remaining across the windows present (mirrors Claude derivation)
+  const coreWindows = [fiveHour, weekly].filter((w): w is NonNullable<typeof w> => !!w);
+  const quotaPercentage =
+    coreWindows.length > 0 ? Math.min(...coreWindows.map((w) => w.remainingPercent)) : null;
+
+  // next_reset = soonest resetAt across present core windows
+  const resets = coreWindows
+    .map((w) => w.resetAt)
+    .filter((r): r is string => typeof r === 'string')
+    .map((r) => ({ iso: r, ms: new Date(r).getTime() }))
+    .filter((r) => Number.isFinite(r.ms))
+    .sort((a, b) => a.ms - b.ms);
+  const nextReset = resets.length > 0 ? resets[0].iso : null;
+
+  return {
+    account_id: CODEX_PROVIDER,
+    provider: CODEX_PROVIDER,
+    displayName: 'Codex',
+    tier: quota.planType ?? null,
+    paused: false,
+    quota_percentage: quotaPercentage,
+    quotaStatus: 'ok',
+    next_reset: nextReset,
+    is_default: false,
+    last_activity_at: null,
+    today_cost: null,
+    health: 'ok',
+    cached: false,
+    fetchedAt: new Date(now).toISOString(),
+    needsReauth: false,
+    // No staleAsOf — live data is always fresh.
+    ...(windows.length > 0 ? { quotaWindows: windows } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
 /** Return the cached row marked cached=true (used for TTL + stale serving). */
 function serveCached(state: ProviderState): BarSummaryRow | null {
   if (!state.cachedRow) return null;
@@ -307,16 +393,20 @@ function serveCached(state: ProviderState): BarSummaryRow | null {
 // Claude path with full safety controls
 // ============================================================================
 
-async function collectClaudeRow(deps: NativeQuotaDeps): Promise<BarSummaryRow | null> {
+async function collectClaudeRow(
+  deps: NativeQuotaDeps,
+  force = false
+): Promise<BarSummaryRow | null> {
   const now = (deps.now ?? Date.now)();
   const state = claudeState;
 
-  // Serve from cache while within TTL — on-demand only, NO network.
-  if (state.cachedRow && now - state.cachedAt < NATIVE_QUOTA_TTL_MS) {
+  // Serve from cache while within TTL — force bypasses TTL short-circuit.
+  if (!force && state.cachedRow && now - state.cachedAt < NATIVE_QUOTA_TTL_MS) {
     return serveCached(state);
   }
 
   // Breaker open or cooldown active -> zero network, serve stale (may be null).
+  // Force does NOT bypass the breaker — it protects the account.
   if (now < state.breakerOpenUntil || now < state.cooldownUntil) {
     return serveCached(state);
   }
@@ -419,19 +509,140 @@ async function collectClaudeRow(deps: NativeQuotaDeps): Promise<BarSummaryRow |
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
-// Codex path (local read, no network guards needed)
+// Codex path with live network as PRIMARY, local logs as FALLBACK
 // ============================================================================
 
-async function collectCodexRow(deps: NativeQuotaDeps): Promise<BarSummaryRow | null> {
+async function collectCodexRow(
+  deps: NativeQuotaDeps,
+  force = false
+): Promise<BarSummaryRow | null> {
   const now = (deps.now ?? Date.now)();
-  const getCodex = deps.getCodexQuota ?? getCodexLocalQuota;
-  try {
-    const quota = await getCodex();
-    if (!quota) return null; // exec-mode / no rate_limits -> omit the row
-    return buildCodexRow(quota, now);
-  } catch {
-    return null;
+  const state = codexState;
+
+  // Serve from cache while within TTL — force bypasses TTL short-circuit.
+  if (!force && state.cachedRow && now - state.cachedAt < NATIVE_QUOTA_TTL_MS) {
+    return serveCached(state);
   }
+
+  // Breaker open or cooldown active -> skip network, go to LOCAL fallback.
+  // Force does NOT bypass the breaker — it protects the account.
+  const breakerOrCooldownActive = now < state.breakerOpenUntil || now < state.cooldownUntil;
+
+  // Coalesce: concurrent callers past TTL share one in-flight resolution.
+  if (state.pending) {
+    return state.pending;
+  }
+
+  const getDefaultAccountId =
+    deps.getDefaultCodexAccountId ?? (() => getDefaultAccount('codex')?.id ?? null);
+  const fetchNetwork =
+    deps.fetchCodexNetworkQuota ?? ((accountId: string) => fetchCodexQuota(accountId));
+  const getCodex = deps.getCodexQuota ?? getCodexLocalQuota;
+  const sleep = deps.sleep ?? defaultSleep;
+
+  state.pending = (async (): Promise<BarSummaryRow | null> => {
+    try {
+      // ----------------------------------------------------------------
+      // PRIMARY: live network fetch (skipped when breaker/cooldown active)
+      // ----------------------------------------------------------------
+      if (!breakerOrCooldownActive) {
+        const accountId = getDefaultAccountId();
+        if (accountId) {
+          const quota = await fetchNetwork(accountId);
+
+          if (quota.success) {
+            // A healthy response closes the breaker and clears backoff,
+            // regardless of content.
+            state.consecutive429 = 0;
+            state.breakerOpenUntil = 0;
+            state.cooldownUntil = 0;
+            state.backoffAttempt = 0;
+            // Only usable when at least one core window (5h/weekly) resolved. A
+            // success with empty coreUsage (only code-review/additional windows,
+            // or a changed payload) carries no glanceable signal — do NOT cache
+            // a contentless "ok" row or clobber a good cache; fall through to
+            // the local fallback so the bar shows real data instead.
+            if (quota.coreUsage?.fiveHour || quota.coreUsage?.weekly) {
+              const row = buildCodexNetworkRow(quota, now);
+              state.cachedRow = row;
+              state.cachedAt = now;
+              return { ...row, cached: false };
+            }
+            // else: fall through to LOCAL fallback below.
+          } else if (quota.needsReauth) {
+            // Token expired -> reauth row; do NOT cache as a good value.
+            return {
+              account_id: CODEX_PROVIDER,
+              provider: CODEX_PROVIDER,
+              displayName: 'Codex',
+              tier: null,
+              paused: false,
+              quota_percentage: null,
+              quotaStatus: 'error',
+              next_reset: null,
+              is_default: false,
+              last_activity_at: null,
+              today_cost: null,
+              health: 'error',
+              cached: false,
+              fetchedAt: new Date(now).toISOString(),
+              needsReauth: true,
+            };
+          } else if (quota.httpStatus === 429) {
+            // 429: apply breaker + backoff, then fall through to local.
+            state.consecutive429 += 1;
+            if (state.consecutive429 >= CB_TRIP_THRESHOLD) {
+              state.breakerOpenUntil = now + CB_COOLDOWN_MS;
+            }
+            const retryAfter = parseRetryAfterMs(quota.errorDetail, now);
+            const backoff = retryAfter ?? computeBackoffMs(state.backoffAttempt);
+            state.cooldownUntil = now + backoff;
+            state.backoffAttempt += 1;
+            void sleep; // retained as an injectable seam for future inline retry
+          } else if (quota.retryable) {
+            // Other transient failure: set cooldown, fall through to local.
+            const backoff = computeBackoffMs(state.backoffAttempt);
+            state.cooldownUntil = now + backoff;
+            state.backoffAttempt += 1;
+          } else {
+            // Terminal non-retryable failure (e.g. 403/404): back off so we
+            // don't re-hit a dead endpoint every poll when no local data caches
+            // a row to engage the TTL short-circuit. Then fall through to local.
+            const backoff = computeBackoffMs(state.backoffAttempt);
+            state.cooldownUntil = now + backoff;
+            state.backoffAttempt += 1;
+          }
+          // Fall through to LOCAL fallback below.
+        }
+        // No configured accountId -> fall through to local fallback.
+      }
+
+      // ----------------------------------------------------------------
+      // LOCAL FALLBACK: session log read (zero network, always attempted
+      // when network is unavailable / no accountId / breaker active)
+      // ----------------------------------------------------------------
+      const localQuota = await getCodex();
+      if (localQuota) {
+        const row = buildCodexRow(localQuota, now);
+        state.cachedRow = row;
+        state.cachedAt = now;
+        return { ...row, cached: false };
+      }
+
+      // No local data either: serve stale (may be null).
+      return serveCached(state);
+    } catch {
+      // Network/parse rejection -> treat as transient, serve stale.
+      const backoff = computeBackoffMs(state.backoffAttempt);
+      state.cooldownUntil = now + backoff;
+      state.backoffAttempt += 1;
+      return serveCached(state);
+    } finally {
+      state.pending = null;
+    }
+  })();
+
+  return state.pending;
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -443,11 +654,19 @@ async function collectCodexRow(deps: NativeQuotaDeps): Promise<BarSummaryRow | n
  *
  * Each path is independently try/caught so one failing source never blocks the
  * other or the response. Returns only rows that represent real data.
+ *
+ * `opts.force` bypasses the TTL short-circuit on both paths so a debounce-
+ * passing refresh re-pulls native rows live. The circuit breaker is always
+ * respected regardless of force (account protection).
  */
-export async function getNativeAccountRows(deps: NativeQuotaDeps = {}): Promise<BarSummaryRow[]> {
+export async function getNativeAccountRows(
+  deps: NativeQuotaDeps = {},
+  opts?: { force?: boolean }
+): Promise<BarSummaryRow[]> {
+  const force = opts?.force ?? false;
   const [claude, codex] = await Promise.all([
-    collectClaudeRow(deps).catch(() => null),
-    collectCodexRow(deps).catch(() => null),
+    collectClaudeRow(deps, force).catch(() => null),
+    collectCodexRow(deps, force).catch(() => null),
   ]);
 
   const rows: BarSummaryRow[] = [];
@@ -455,3 +674,18 @@ export async function getNativeAccountRows(deps: NativeQuotaDeps = {}): Promise<
   if (codex) rows.push(codex);
   return rows;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Last-known native rows from cache, WITHOUT any fetch (instant, no network).
+ *
+ * Used as a non-blocking fallback by /summary: when a forced live re-pull
+ * overruns the native side-load budget, the response serves these cached rows
+ * instead of dropping the Claude/Codex cards entirely. The in-flight fetch keeps
+ * warming the cache, so the next poll shows the fresh values.
+ */
+export function getCachedNativeAccountRows(): BarSummaryRow[] {
+  const rows: BarSummaryRow[] = [];
+  if (claudeState.cachedRow) rows.push({ ...claudeState.cachedRow, cached: true });
+  if (codexState.cachedRow) rows.push({ ...codexState.cachedRow, cached: true });
+  return rows;
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/web-server/bar-analytics.test.ts b/tests/unit/web-server/bar-analytics.test.ts
index e9bb3f89..6060f33c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/web-server/bar-analytics.test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit/web-server/bar-analytics.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { describe, it, expect } from 'bun:test';
 import {
   computeBarAnalytics,
   computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily,
+  localDayKey,
 } from '../../../src/web-server/usage/bar-analytics';
 import type { CliproxyUsageHistoryDetail } from '../../../src/web-server/usage/cliproxy-usage-transformer';
 import type { DailyUsage, HourlyUsage } from '../../../src/web-server/usage/types';
@@ -251,3 +252,130 @@ describe('computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily — monthToDate', () => {
     expect(a.monthToDate).toEqual({ cost: 0, requests: 0 });
   });
 });
+
+// ============================================================================
+// byHour — 24-bucket intra-day spend chart for today
+// ============================================================================
+
+describe('byHour — intra-day spend chart', () => {
+  // NOW = 2026-06-08T12:00:00-04:00. byHour buckets are the user's LOCAL clock
+  // hours; the pipeline's hour keys are UTC and get converted to local. These
+  // tests build UTC keys FROM the desired local time so they pass regardless of
+  // the test runner's timezone (the round-trip is machine-TZ-independent).
+  const todayKey = localDayKey(NOW);
+  const pad = (n: number): string => String(n).padStart(2, '0');
+
+  /** A machine-local Date at `hour` o'clock on NOW's local calendar day (+dayOffset). */
+  function localDayAt(hour: number, dayOffset = 0): Date {
+    return new Date(NOW.getFullYear(), NOW.getMonth(), NOW.getDate() + dayOffset, hour, 0, 0);
+  }
+
+  /** The UTC "YYYY-MM-DD HH:00" key that converts back to `local`'s clock hour. */
+  function utcHourKeyForLocal(local: Date): string {
+    return `${local.getUTCFullYear()}-${pad(local.getUTCMonth() + 1)}-${pad(
+      local.getUTCDate()
+    )} ${pad(local.getUTCHours())}:00`;
+  }
+
+  it('computeBarAnalytics returns byHour as empty array (snapshot path has no hourly)', () => {
+    const a = computeBarAnalytics([], NOW);
+    expect(Array.isArray(a.byHour)).toBe(true);
+    expect(a.byHour).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily returns exactly 24 hour buckets', () => {
+    const a = computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily([], [], NOW);
+    expect(a.byHour).toHaveLength(24);
+  });
+
+  it('hour buckets are LOCAL, ordered 00:00 → 23:00', () => {
+    const a = computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily([], [], NOW);
+    expect(a.byHour[0].hour).toBe(`${todayKey} 00:00`);
+    expect(a.byHour[23].hour).toBe(`${todayKey} 23:00`);
+    for (let i = 1; i < 24; i++) {
+      expect(a.byHour[i].hour > a.byHour[i - 1].hour).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('hours with no data are zero-filled', () => {
+    const a = computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily([], [], NOW);
+    for (const h of a.byHour) {
+      expect(h.cost).toBe(0);
+      expect(h.requests).toBe(0);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('a UTC hour key lands in the matching LOCAL hour bucket (not the raw UTC hour)', () => {
+    // Activity at local 10:00 today, encoded as its UTC key.
+    const a = computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily(
+      [],
+      [
+        hourly({ hour: utcHourKeyForLocal(localDayAt(10)), totalCost: 3.5, requestCount: 2 }),
+        hourly({ hour: utcHourKeyForLocal(localDayAt(14)), totalCost: 1.0, requestCount: 1 }),
+      ],
+      NOW
+    );
+    expect(a.byHour[10].hour).toBe(`${todayKey} 10:00`);
+    expect(a.byHour[10].cost).toBeCloseTo(3.5);
+    expect(a.byHour[10].requests).toBe(2);
+    expect(a.byHour[14].cost).toBeCloseTo(1.0);
+    expect(a.byHour[14].requests).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('late local-evening activity (next day in UTC) still lands in TODAY', () => {
+    // local 23:00 today is the next calendar day in any UTC-negative zone; it
+    // must NOT be dropped from today's chart (regression guard for the TZ bug).
+    const a = computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily(
+      [],
+      [hourly({ hour: utcHourKeyForLocal(localDayAt(23)), totalCost: 7, requestCount: 4 })],
+      NOW
+    );
+    expect(a.byHour[23].cost).toBeCloseTo(7);
+    expect(a.byHour[23].requests).toBe(4);
+    // Every other hour stays zero.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 23; i++) expect(a.byHour[i].cost).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('yesterday-local activity does NOT land in today buckets', () => {
+    const a = computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily(
+      [],
+      [hourly({ hour: utcHourKeyForLocal(localDayAt(10, -1)), totalCost: 99, requestCount: 10 })],
+      NOW
+    );
+    for (const h of a.byHour) {
+      expect(h.cost).toBe(0);
+      expect(h.requests).toBe(0);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('accumulates multiple sources into the same local hour bucket', () => {
+    const key = utcHourKeyForLocal(localDayAt(9));
+    const a = computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily(
+      [],
+      [
+        hourly({ hour: key, source: 'custom-parser', totalCost: 2.0, requestCount: 3 }),
+        hourly({ hour: key, source: 'codex-native', totalCost: 1.5, requestCount: 1 }),
+      ],
+      NOW
+    );
+    expect(a.byHour[9].cost).toBeCloseTo(3.5);
+    expect(a.byHour[9].requests).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  it('prefers finite totalCost over cost (0 is a valid total)', () => {
+    const a = computeBarAnalyticsFromDaily(
+      [],
+      [
+        hourly({
+          hour: utcHourKeyForLocal(localDayAt(11)),
+          cost: 2.2,
+          totalCost: 0,
+          requestCount: 1,
+        }),
+      ],
+      NOW
+    );
+    // totalCost = 0 is finite so it wins — the bucket stays 0.
+    expect(a.byHour[11].cost).toBeCloseTo(0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/web-server/bar-routes.test.ts b/tests/unit/web-server/bar-routes.test.ts
index 196e2316..83ce1956 100644
--- a/tests/unit/web-server/bar-routes.test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit/web-server/bar-routes.test.ts
@@ -987,6 +987,137 @@ describe('today_cost: duplicate-email accounts get null (finding #11)', () => {
   });
 });
 
+// ============================================================================
+// force flag threading: refresh=true passes {force:true} to getNativeAccountRows
+// ============================================================================
+
+describe('/summary force flag passed to getNativeAccountRows', () => {
+  async function buildForceFlagRouter(
+    onNativeCall: (opts: { force?: boolean } | undefined) => void
+  ) {
+    const { createBarRouter, resetForceFreshDebounce: resetDebounce } = await import(
+      '../../../src/web-server/routes/bar-routes'
+    );
+
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+
+    const router = createBarRouter({
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+      getAllAccountsSummary: () => ({ agy: [makeAccountInfo()] }) as any,
+      getCachedQuota: () => makeQuotaResult(),
+      setCachedQuota: () => {},
+      invalidateQuotaCache: () => {},
+      fetchAccountQuota: async () => makeQuotaResult(),
+      getTodayCostByAccount: () => ({}),
+      loadCliproxyDetails: async () => [],
+      loadDailyUsage: async () => [],
+      loadHourlyUsage: async () => [],
+      runHealthChecks: async () => makeHealthReport(),
+      getNativeAccountRows: async (opts) => {
+        onNativeCall(opts);
+        return [];
+      },
+    });
+
+    app.use('/api/bar', router);
+    const srv = await new Promise<Server>((resolve, reject) => {
+      const instance = app.listen(0, '127.0.0.1');
+      instance.once('error', reject);
+      instance.once('listening', () => resolve(instance));
+    });
+    const addr = srv.address();
+    if (!addr || typeof addr === 'string') throw new Error('No server address');
+    resetDebounce();
+    return { srv, url: `http://127.0.0.1:${(addr as { port: number }).port}` };
+  }
+
+  it('refresh=true (after debounce reset) passes { force: true } to getNativeAccountRows', async () => {
+    const calls: Array<{ force?: boolean } | undefined> = [];
+    const { srv, url } = await buildForceFlagRouter((opts) => calls.push(opts));
+
+    await getJson<BarSummaryRow[]>(url, '/api/bar/summary?refresh=true');
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => srv.close(() => resolve()));
+
+    expect(calls.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    // The first (and only) call must carry force: true
+    expect(calls[0]?.force).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('refresh=false (no query param) passes { force: false } to getNativeAccountRows', async () => {
+    const calls: Array<{ force?: boolean } | undefined> = [];
+    const { srv, url } = await buildForceFlagRouter((opts) => calls.push(opts));
+
+    await getJson<BarSummaryRow[]>(url, '/api/bar/summary');
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => srv.close(() => resolve()));
+
+    expect(calls.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    // No refresh param → doForceRefresh is false
+    expect(calls[0]?.force).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to cached native rows when the live native side-load fails (cards do not vanish)', async () => {
+    const { createBarRouter, resetForceFreshDebounce: resetDebounce } = await import(
+      '../../../src/web-server/routes/bar-routes'
+    );
+    const cachedCodex: BarSummaryRow = {
+      account_id: 'codex',
+      provider: 'codex',
+      displayName: 'Codex',
+      tier: 'pro',
+      paused: false,
+      quota_percentage: 42,
+      quotaStatus: 'ok',
+      next_reset: null,
+      is_default: false,
+      last_activity_at: null,
+      today_cost: null,
+      health: 'ok',
+      cached: true,
+      fetchedAt: '2026-06-09T14:00:00.000Z',
+      needsReauth: false,
+    };
+
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    const router = createBarRouter({
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+      getAllAccountsSummary: () => ({ agy: [makeAccountInfo()] }) as any,
+      getCachedQuota: () => makeQuotaResult(),
+      setCachedQuota: () => {},
+      invalidateQuotaCache: () => {},
+      fetchAccountQuota: async () => makeQuotaResult(),
+      getTodayCostByAccount: () => ({}),
+      loadCliproxyDetails: async () => [],
+      loadDailyUsage: async () => [],
+      loadHourlyUsage: async () => [],
+      runHealthChecks: async () => makeHealthReport(),
+      // Live native fetch unavailable → withTimeout resolves null → fallback.
+      getNativeAccountRows: async () => {
+        throw new Error('native unavailable');
+      },
+      getCachedNativeRows: () => [cachedCodex],
+    });
+    app.use('/api/bar', router);
+    const srv = await new Promise<Server>((resolve, reject) => {
+      const instance = app.listen(0, '127.0.0.1');
+      instance.once('error', reject);
+      instance.once('listening', () => resolve(instance));
+    });
+    const addr = srv.address();
+    if (!addr || typeof addr === 'string') throw new Error('No server address');
+    resetDebounce();
+    const url = `http://127.0.0.1:${(addr as { port: number }).port}`;
+
+    const { status, body } = await getJson<BarSummaryRow[]>(url, '/api/bar/summary?refresh=true');
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => srv.close(() => resolve()));
+
+    // Response is healthy and the cached Codex row is served, not dropped.
+    expect(status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.some((r) => r.provider === 'codex')).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
 // ============================================================================
 // Native subscription rows side-load into /summary
 // ============================================================================
diff --git a/tests/unit/web-server/native-quota-collector.test.ts b/tests/unit/web-server/native-quota-collector.test.ts
index cd66991b..344c2c7e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/web-server/native-quota-collector.test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit/web-server/native-quota-collector.test.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 /**
  * Tests for the native subscription quota collector.
  *
- * The Anthropic fetch is ALWAYS mocked — these tests NEVER hit the live usage
- * endpoint. A controllable clock drives TTL / backoff / breaker assertions.
+ * Neither the Anthropic nor the ChatGPT endpoint is ever hit — all fetches are
+ * injected via NativeQuotaDeps. A controllable clock drives TTL / backoff /
+ * breaker assertions for both the Claude and Codex paths.
  */
 
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'bun:test';
 import {
   getNativeAccountRows,
+  getCachedNativeAccountRows,
   resetNativeQuotaState,
   type NativeQuotaDeps,
 } from '../../../src/web-server/usage/native-quota-collector';
-import type { ClaudeQuotaResult } from '../../../src/cliproxy/quota/quota-types';
+import type { ClaudeQuotaResult, CodexQuotaResult } from '../../../src/cliproxy/quota/quota-types';
 import type { ClaudeNativeCredentials } from '../../../src/web-server/usage/claude-native-credentials';
+import type { CodexLocalQuota } from '../../../src/web-server/usage/codex-local-quota-collector';
 
 // A jump comfortably past any single-call backoff cooldown (<= 60s), used so a
 // breaker-test fetch is not blocked by the prior 429's per-call cooldown.
@@ -351,11 +354,331 @@ describe('stale-on-fail', () => {
   });
 });
 
+// ============================================================================
+// Codex network helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+function codexSuccessQuota(): CodexQuotaResult {
+  return {
+    success: true,
+    windows: [],
+    coreUsage: {
+      fiveHour: {
+        label: 'Primary',
+        remainingPercent: 60,
+        resetAfterSeconds: 3600,
+        resetAt: '2026-06-09T19:00:00.000Z',
+      },
+      weekly: {
+        label: 'Secondary',
+        remainingPercent: 80,
+        resetAfterSeconds: 86400 * 4,
+        resetAt: '2026-06-13T00:00:00.000Z',
+      },
+    },
+    planType: 'pro',
+    lastUpdated: Date.now(),
+    accountId: 'codex-user@example.com',
+  };
+}
+
+function codexRateLimitedQuota(retryAfter?: string): CodexQuotaResult {
+  return {
+    success: false,
+    windows: [],
+    planType: null,
+    lastUpdated: Date.now(),
+    accountId: 'codex-user@example.com',
+    httpStatus: 429,
+    retryable: true,
+    ...(retryAfter ? { errorDetail: `retry-after:${retryAfter}` } : {}),
+    error: 'rate limited',
+  };
+}
+
+function codexReatuhQuota(): CodexQuotaResult {
+  return {
+    success: false,
+    windows: [],
+    planType: null,
+    lastUpdated: Date.now(),
+    accountId: 'codex-user@example.com',
+    needsReauth: true,
+    error: 'Token expired',
+  };
+}
+
+function codexLocalQuota(): CodexLocalQuota {
+  return {
+    quotaPercentage: 30,
+    nextReset: '2026-06-09T19:00:00.000Z',
+    tier: 'pro',
+    stale: true,
+    staleAsOf: '2026-06-09T13:30:00.000Z',
+    windows: [
+      {
+        key: 'five_hour',
+        label: '5h',
+        usedPercent: 70,
+        remainingPercent: 30,
+        resetAt: '2026-06-09T19:00:00.000Z',
+        windowMinutes: 300,
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a NativeQuotaDeps that completely stubs the Codex path.
+ * Claude path is disabled (no credentials) so only the Codex row is produced.
+ */
+function makeCodexDeps(
+  overrides: Partial<NativeQuotaDeps> & { clock: { now: number } }
+): NativeQuotaDeps & { networkCount: () => number; localCount: () => number } {
+  let networkCalls = 0;
+  let localCalls = 0;
+  const { clock, ...rest } = overrides;
+  return {
+    // Disable Claude path
+    readCredentials: () => null,
+    // Default network quota: success
+    fetchCodexNetworkQuota: async (_id: string) => {
+      networkCalls += 1;
+      return codexSuccessQuota();
+    },
+    // Default local fallback: stale data
+    getCodexQuota: async () => {
+      localCalls += 1;
+      return codexLocalQuota();
+    },
+    // Default account id resolved
+    getDefaultCodexAccountId: () => 'codex-user@example.com',
+    now: () => clock.now,
+    sleep: async () => {},
+    // Allow overriding any dep
+    ...rest,
+    networkCount: () => networkCalls,
+    localCount: () => localCalls,
+  };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Codex network path tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+describe('Codex network path', () => {
+  it('network success builds a fresh row from coreUsage — no staleAsOf, health ok, correct windows', async () => {
+    const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
+    const deps = makeCodexDeps({ clock });
+
+    const rows = await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+    const row = rows.find((r) => r.provider === 'codex');
+
+    expect(row).toBeDefined();
+    expect(row?.quotaStatus).toBe('ok');
+    expect(row?.health).toBe('ok');
+    expect(row?.tier).toBe('pro');
+    expect(row?.needsReauth).toBe(false);
+    // No staleAsOf on a live result
+    expect(row?.staleAsOf).toBeUndefined();
+    // quota_percentage = min(60, 80) = 60
+    expect(row?.quota_percentage).toBe(60);
+    // next_reset = soonest = fiveHour resetAt
+    expect(row?.next_reset).toBe('2026-06-09T19:00:00.000Z');
+    // quotaWindows: five_hour + seven_day
+    expect(row?.quotaWindows).toHaveLength(2);
+    const fiveHr = row?.quotaWindows?.find((w) => w.key === 'five_hour');
+    expect(fiveHr?.label).toBe('5h');
+    expect(fiveHr?.remainingPercent).toBe(60);
+    expect(fiveHr?.usedPercent).toBe(40);
+    expect(fiveHr?.windowMinutes).toBe(300);
+    expect(fiveHr?.resetAt).toBe('2026-06-09T19:00:00.000Z');
+    const week = row?.quotaWindows?.find((w) => w.key === 'seven_day');
+    expect(week?.label).toBe('week');
+    expect(week?.remainingPercent).toBe(80);
+    expect(week?.usedPercent).toBe(20);
+    expect(week?.windowMinutes).toBe(10080);
+    // Network was called; local was NOT (network succeeded)
+    expect(deps.networkCount()).toBe(1);
+    expect(deps.localCount()).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('network failure falls back to local stale row — staleAsOf set, health warning', async () => {
+    const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
+    const deps = makeCodexDeps({
+      clock,
+      fetchCodexNetworkQuota: async () => ({
+        success: false,
+        windows: [],
+        planType: null,
+        lastUpdated: Date.now(),
+        error: 'network error',
+        retryable: true,
+      }),
+    });
+
+    const rows = await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+    const row = rows.find((r) => r.provider === 'codex');
+
+    expect(row).toBeDefined();
+    expect(row?.health).toBe('warning');
+    expect(row?.staleAsOf).toBe('2026-06-09T13:30:00.000Z');
+    expect(deps.localCount()).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('force bypasses TTL and re-fetches from network', async () => {
+    const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
+    const deps = makeCodexDeps({ clock });
+
+    // Prime the cache
+    await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+    expect(deps.networkCount()).toBe(1);
+
+    // Normal call within TTL: served from cache
+    clock.now += 5 * 60 * 1000;
+    await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+    expect(deps.networkCount()).toBe(1);
+
+    // Force call: bypasses TTL, re-fetches
+    await getNativeAccountRows(deps, { force: true });
+    expect(deps.networkCount()).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('token_expired (needsReauth) returns a reauth row — not cached as good', async () => {
+    const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
+    const deps = makeCodexDeps({
+      clock,
+      fetchCodexNetworkQuota: async () => codexReatuhQuota(),
+    });
+
+    const rows = await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+    const row = rows.find((r) => r.provider === 'codex');
+
+    expect(row?.quotaStatus).toBe('error');
+    expect(row?.health).toBe('error');
+    expect(row?.needsReauth).toBe(true);
+    // Local fallback was NOT called (reauth is a distinct path, not a transient error)
+    expect(deps.localCount()).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('breaker-open path: skips network and serves local fallback', async () => {
+    const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
+    let networkCalls = 0;
+    let localCalls = 0;
+
+    const deps: NativeQuotaDeps & { networkCount: () => number; localCount: () => number } = {
+      readCredentials: () => null,
+      getDefaultCodexAccountId: () => 'codex-user@example.com',
+      fetchCodexNetworkQuota: async () => {
+        networkCalls += 1;
+        return codexRateLimitedQuota();
+      },
+      getCodexQuota: async () => {
+        localCalls += 1;
+        return codexLocalQuota();
+      },
+      now: () => clock.now,
+      sleep: async () => {},
+      networkCount: () => networkCalls,
+      localCount: () => localCalls,
+    };
+
+    // Trip the breaker with 3 consecutive 429s
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+      await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+      // advance past per-call cooldown between each
+      clock.now += 62_000;
+    }
+    const callsAfterTrip = networkCalls;
+
+    // Breaker is now open: next call must skip network
+    await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+    expect(networkCalls).toBe(callsAfterTrip); // no new network call
+    // Local fallback is called instead
+    expect(localCalls).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  it('no-account path: skips network and serves local fallback', async () => {
+    const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
+    let networkCalls = 0;
+    let localCalls = 0;
+
+    const deps: NativeQuotaDeps = {
+      readCredentials: () => null,
+      getDefaultCodexAccountId: () => null, // no account configured
+      fetchCodexNetworkQuota: async () => {
+        networkCalls += 1;
+        return codexSuccessQuota();
+      },
+      getCodexQuota: async () => {
+        localCalls += 1;
+        return codexLocalQuota();
+      },
+      now: () => clock.now,
+      sleep: async () => {},
+    };
+
+    const rows = await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+    const row = rows.find((r) => r.provider === 'codex');
+
+    // No network call since no account
+    expect(networkCalls).toBe(0);
+    // Local fallback was used
+    expect(localCalls).toBe(1);
+    // Row is present from local data
+    expect(row).toBeDefined();
+    expect(row?.health).toBe('warning'); // local stale
+  });
+
+  it('network success with EMPTY coreUsage falls back to local (no contentless ok row)', async () => {
+    const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
+    // Track our own network counter — an override passed to makeCodexDeps
+    // replaces the helper's default counting fetcher, so deps.networkCount()
+    // would not see this override's calls.
+    let networkCalls = 0;
+    const deps = makeCodexDeps({
+      clock,
+      // Healthy response but no resolved core windows (e.g. only code-review
+      // windows or a changed payload) — carries no glanceable 5h/weekly signal.
+      fetchCodexNetworkQuota: async () => {
+        networkCalls += 1;
+        return {
+          success: true,
+          windows: [],
+          coreUsage: { fiveHour: null, weekly: null },
+          planType: 'pro',
+          lastUpdated: clock.now,
+          accountId: 'codex-user@example.com',
+        };
+      },
+    });
+
+    const rows = await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+    const row = rows.find((r) => r.provider === 'codex');
+
+    // Network was attempted, but the empty result must NOT be cached as an "ok"
+    // row — the local fallback supplies real (stale) data instead.
+    expect(networkCalls).toBe(1);
+    expect(deps.localCount()).toBe(1);
+    expect(row).toBeDefined();
+    expect(row?.health).toBe('warning'); // came from local stale path
+    expect(row?.staleAsOf).toBe('2026-06-09T13:30:00.000Z');
+    expect(row?.quotaWindows).toHaveLength(1); // local five_hour window
+  });
+});
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Codex path (original local-only tests, preserved)
+// These tests explicitly set getDefaultCodexAccountId: () => null so the
+// network path is skipped and only the local fallback is exercised.
+// ============================================================================
+
 describe('Codex path', () => {
   it('maps a local Codex quota into a codex ok row', async () => {
     const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
     const deps: NativeQuotaDeps = {
       readCredentials: () => null, // no claude row
+      getDefaultCodexAccountId: () => null, // disable network path
       getCodexQuota: async () => ({
         quotaPercentage: 52,
         nextReset: '2026-06-09T19:00:00.000Z',
@@ -398,6 +721,7 @@ describe('Codex path', () => {
     const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
     const deps: NativeQuotaDeps = {
       readCredentials: () => null,
+      getDefaultCodexAccountId: () => null, // disable network path
       getCodexQuota: async () => ({
         quotaPercentage: 10,
         nextReset: null,
@@ -419,6 +743,7 @@ describe('Codex path', () => {
     const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
     const deps: NativeQuotaDeps = {
       readCredentials: () => null,
+      getDefaultCodexAccountId: () => null, // disable network path
       getCodexQuota: async () => null,
       now: () => clock.now,
     };
@@ -426,3 +751,27 @@ describe('Codex path', () => {
     expect(rows.find((r) => r.provider === 'codex')).toBeUndefined();
   });
 });
+
+describe('getCachedNativeAccountRows (instant, no-fetch fallback)', () => {
+  it('returns [] before any successful collect', () => {
+    expect(getCachedNativeAccountRows()).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('returns the last cached codex row (cached=true) after a successful collect, [] after reset', async () => {
+    const clock = { now: 1_000_000 };
+    const deps = makeCodexDeps({ clock });
+
+    // Prime the cache via a successful network collect.
+    await getNativeAccountRows(deps);
+
+    const cached = getCachedNativeAccountRows();
+    const codex = cached.find((r) => r.provider === 'codex');
+    expect(codex).toBeDefined();
+    expect(codex?.cached).toBe(true);
+    // No additional network call — the accessor reads cache only.
+    expect(deps.networkCount()).toBe(1);
+
+    resetNativeQuotaState();
+    expect(getCachedNativeAccountRows()).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});