refactor(v5): migrate frontend from JSX to TypeScript

Convert all v5 JS/JSX source files to TS/TSX, add tsconfig.json,
install typescript and @types/react* dev deps, add typecheck npm
script, create types.ts with shared prop types, and update Tailwind
CSS source glob and shadcn components.json to include TS extensions.

components.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "$schema": "https://ui.shadcn.com/schema.json",
   "style": "base-lyra",
   "rsc": false,
-  "tsx": false,
+  "tsx": true,
   "tailwind": {
     "config": "",
     "css": "resources/css/v5/app.css",