refactor(v5): migrate frontend from JSX to TypeScript

Convert all v5 JS/JSX source files to TS/TSX, add tsconfig.json,
install typescript and @types/react* dev deps, add typecheck npm
script, create types.ts with shared prop types, and update Tailwind
CSS source glob and shadcn components.json to include TS extensions.

resources/css/v5/app.css

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 @import "shadcn/tailwind.css";
 @import "@fontsource-variable/geist";
 
-@source '../../js/v5/**/*.{js,jsx}';
+@source '../../js/v5/**/*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}';
 @source '../../../storage/framework/views/*.php';
 
 @custom-variant dark (&:where(.dark, .dark *));