refactor(v5): migrate frontend from JSX to TypeScript

Convert all v5 JS/JSX source files to TS/TSX, add tsconfig.json,
install typescript and @types/react* dev deps, add typecheck npm
script, create types.ts with shared prop types, and update Tailwind
CSS source glob and shadcn components.json to include TS extensions.

tsconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+    "compilerOptions": {
+        "target": "ES2022",
+        "useDefineForClassFields": true,
+        "lib": [
+            "DOM",
+            "DOM.Iterable",
+            "ES2022"
+        ],
+        "allowJs": true,
+        "skipLibCheck": true,
+        "esModuleInterop": true,
+        "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
+        "strict": true,
+        "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+        "module": "ESNext",
+        "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
+        "resolveJsonModule": true,
+        "isolatedModules": true,
+        "noEmit": true,
+        "jsx": "react-jsx",
+        "paths": {
+            "@/*": [
+                "resources/js/v5/*"
+            ]
+        },
+        "baseUrl": ".",
+        "ignoreDeprecations": "6.0"
+    },
+    "include": [
+        "resources/js/v5/**/*.ts",
+        "resources/js/v5/**/*.tsx"
+    ],
+    "references": []
+}