refactor(v5): migrate frontend from JSX to TypeScript

Convert all v5 JS/JSX source files to TS/TSX, add tsconfig.json,
install typescript and @types/react* dev deps, add typecheck npm
script, create types.ts with shared prop types, and update Tailwind
CSS source glob and shadcn components.json to include TS extensions.

vite.config.js

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
                 input: [
                     "resources/css/app.css",
                     "resources/js/app.js",
-                    "resources/js/v5/app.jsx",
+                    "resources/js/v5/app.tsx",
                 ],
                 refresh: true,
             }),