Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/next' into api-sensitive-data-scrubber

app/Actions/Application/StopApplication.php

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class StopApplication
 
     public string $jobQueue = 'high';
 
-    public function handle(Application $application, bool $previewDeployments = false, bool $dockerCleanup = true)
+    public function handle(Application $application, bool $previewDeployments = false, bool $dockerCleanup = true, bool $resetRestartCount = true)
     {
         $servers = collect([$application->destination->server]);
         if ($application?->additional_servers?->count() > 0) {
@@ -57,12 +57,17 @@ class StopApplication
             }
         }
 
-        // Reset restart tracking when application is manually stopped
-        $application->update([
-            'restart_count' => 0,
-            'last_restart_at' => null,
-            'last_restart_type' => null,
-        ]);
+        if ($resetRestartCount) {
+            $application->update([
+                'restart_count' => 0,
+                'last_restart_at' => null,
+                'last_restart_type' => null,
+            ]);
+        } else {
+            $application->update([
+                'status' => 'exited',
+            ]);
+        }
 
         ServiceStatusChanged::dispatch($application->environment->project->team->id);
     }

app/Actions/Docker/GetContainersStatus.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Actions\Docker;
 
+use App\Actions\Application\StopApplication;
 use App\Actions\Database\StartDatabaseProxy;
 use App\Actions\Database\StopDatabaseProxy;
 use App\Actions\Shared\ComplexStatusCheck;
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ use App\Events\ServiceChecked;
 use App\Models\ApplicationPreview;
 use App\Models\Server;
 use App\Models\ServiceDatabase;
+use App\Notifications\Application\RestartLimitReached as ApplicationRestartLimitReached;
 use App\Services\ContainerStatusAggregator;
 use App\Traits\CalculatesExcludedStatus;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
@@ -464,7 +466,9 @@ class GetContainersStatus
                 }
 
                 // Wrap all database updates in a transaction to ensure consistency
-                DB::transaction(function () use ($application, $maxRestartCount, $containerStatuses) {
+                $restartLimitReached = false;
+
+                DB::transaction(function () use ($application, $maxRestartCount, $containerStatuses, &$restartLimitReached) {
                     $previousRestartCount = $application->restart_count ?? 0;
 
                     if ($maxRestartCount > $previousRestartCount) {
@@ -475,16 +479,10 @@ class GetContainersStatus
                             'last_restart_type' => 'crash',
                         ]);
 
-                        // Send notification
-                        $containerName = $application->name;
-                        $projectUuid = data_get($application, 'environment.project.uuid');
-                        $environmentName = data_get($application, 'environment.name');
-                        $applicationUuid = data_get($application, 'uuid');
-
-                        if ($projectUuid && $applicationUuid && $environmentName) {
-                            $url = base_url().'/project/'.$projectUuid.'/'.$environmentName.'/application/'.$applicationUuid;
-                        } else {
-                            $url = null;
+                        // Check if restart limit has been reached
+                        $maxAllowedRestarts = $application->max_restart_count ?? 0;
+                        if ($maxAllowedRestarts > 0 && $maxRestartCount >= $maxAllowedRestarts && $previousRestartCount < $maxAllowedRestarts) {
+                            $restartLimitReached = true;
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -499,6 +497,12 @@ class GetContainersStatus
                         }
                     }
                 });
+
+                if ($restartLimitReached) {
+                    $application->refresh();
+                    StopApplication::dispatch($application, false, true, false);
+                    $application->environment->project->team?->notify(new ApplicationRestartLimitReached($application));
+                }
             }
         }
 

app/Actions/Server/CleanupDocker.php

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class CleanupDocker
             'docker container prune -f --filter "label=coolify.managed=true" --filter "label!=coolify.proxy=true" --filter "label!=coolify.type=database" --filter "label!=coolify.type=application" --filter "label!=coolify.type=service"',
             $imagePruneCmd,
             'docker builder prune -af',
-            'docker buildx prune --builder coolify-railpack -af 2>/dev/null || true',
+            "docker run --rm -v \$HOME/.docker/buildx:/root/.docker/buildx -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock {$helperImageWithVersion} docker buildx prune --builder coolify-railpack -af 2>/dev/null || true",
             "docker images --filter before=$helperImageWithVersion --filter reference=$helperImage | grep $helperImage | awk '{print $3}' | xargs -r docker rmi -f",
             "docker images --filter before=$realtimeImageWithVersion --filter reference=$realtimeImage | grep $realtimeImage | awk '{print $3}' | xargs -r docker rmi -f",
             "docker images --filter before=$helperImageWithoutPrefixVersion --filter reference=$helperImageWithoutPrefix | grep $helperImageWithoutPrefix | awk '{print $3}' | xargs -r docker rmi -f",

app/Actions/Server/StartLogDrain.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace App\Actions\Server;
 
 use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\Service;
 use Lorisleiva\Actions\Concerns\AsAction;
 
 class StartLogDrain
@@ -201,10 +202,29 @@ Files:
                 "echo 'Starting Fluent Bit'",
                 "cd $config_path && docker compose up -d",
             ];
+            $command = array_merge($command, $this->logDrainNetworkConnectCommands($server));
 
             return instant_remote_process($command, $server);
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {
             return handleError($e);
         }
     }
+
+    private function logDrainNetworkConnectCommands(Server $server): array
+    {
+        if (! $server->isLogDrainEnabled()) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        return $server->services()
+            ->with('destination')
+            ->where('connect_to_docker_network', true)
+            ->get()
+            ->map(fn (Service $service) => data_get($service, 'destination.network'))
+            ->filter()
+            ->unique()
+            ->map(fn (string $network) => 'docker network connect '.escapeshellarg($network).' coolify-log-drain >/dev/null 2>&1 || true')
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
 }

app/Actions/Service/StartService.php

@@ -50,10 +50,32 @@ class StartService
                 $commands[] = "docker network connect --alias {$serviceName}-{$service->uuid} {$safeNetwork} {$serviceName}-{$service->uuid} >/dev/null 2>&1 || true";
             }
         }
+        $commands = array_merge($commands, $this->logDrainNetworkConnectCommands($service));
 
         return remote_process($commands, $service->server, type_uuid: $service->uuid, callEventOnFinish: 'ServiceStatusChanged');
     }
 
+    private function logDrainNetworkConnectCommands(Service $service): array
+    {
+        if (! data_get($service, 'connect_to_docker_network')) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        if (! $service->destination?->server?->isLogDrainEnabled()) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $network = data_get($service, 'destination.network');
+
+        if (blank($network)) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        return [
+            'docker network connect '.escapeshellarg($network).' coolify-log-drain >/dev/null 2>&1 || true',
+        ];
+    }
+
     private function shouldStopBeforeStarting(bool $pullLatestImages, bool $stopBeforeStart): bool
     {
         return $stopBeforeStart && ! $pullLatestImages;

app/Casts/EncryptedArrayCast.php

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Casts;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\CastsAttributes;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\DecryptException;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt;
+
+/**
+ * Stores an array as an encrypted JSON string at rest. Tolerates legacy
+ * plaintext JSON rows written before the column was encrypted, so existing
+ * snapshots keep decoding instead of throwing.
+ *
+ * @implements CastsAttributes<array<mixed>|null, array<mixed>|null>
+ */
+class EncryptedArrayCast implements CastsAttributes
+{
+    /**
+     * @param  array<string, mixed>  $attributes
+     * @return array<mixed>|null
+     */
+    public function get(Model $model, string $key, mixed $value, array $attributes): ?array
+    {
+        if ($value === null || $value === '') {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $value = Crypt::decryptString($value);
+        } catch (DecryptException) {
+            // Legacy plaintext JSON written before this column was encrypted.
+        }
+
+        $decoded = json_decode((string) $value, true);
+
+        return is_array($decoded) ? $decoded : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<string, mixed>  $attributes
+     */
+    public function set(Model $model, string $key, mixed $value, array $attributes): ?string
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return Crypt::encryptString(json_encode($value, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR));
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/Init.php

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class Init extends Command
                             'save_s3' => false,
                             'frequency' => '0 0 * * *',
                             'database_id' => $database->id,
-                            'database_type' => \App\Models\StandalonePostgresql::class,
+                            'database_type' => StandalonePostgresql::class,
                             'team_id' => 0,
                         ]);
                     }

app/Console/Commands/SyncBunny.php

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ class SyncBunny extends Command
         $compose_file_prod = 'docker-compose.prod.yml';
         $install_script = 'install.sh';
         $upgrade_script = 'upgrade.sh';
+        $upgrade_postgres_script = 'upgrade-postgres.sh';
         $production_env = '.env.production';
         $service_template = config('constants.services.file_name');
         $versions = 'versions.json';
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ class SyncBunny extends Command
         $compose_file_prod_location = "$parent_dir/$compose_file_prod";
         $install_script_location = "$parent_dir/scripts/install.sh";
         $upgrade_script_location = "$parent_dir/scripts/upgrade.sh";
+        $upgrade_postgres_script_location = "$parent_dir/scripts/upgrade-postgres.sh";
         $production_env_location = "$parent_dir/.env.production";
         $versions_location = "$parent_dir/$versions";
 
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@ class SyncBunny extends Command
                 $compose_file_prod_location = "$parent_dir/other/nightly/$compose_file_prod";
                 $production_env_location = "$parent_dir/other/nightly/$production_env";
                 $upgrade_script_location = "$parent_dir/other/nightly/$upgrade_script";
+                $upgrade_postgres_script_location = "$parent_dir/other/nightly/$upgrade_postgres_script";
                 $install_script_location = "$parent_dir/other/nightly/$install_script";
                 $versions_location = "$parent_dir/other/nightly/$versions";
             }
@@ -101,6 +104,7 @@ class SyncBunny extends Command
                     $compose_file_prod_location => "$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$compose_file_prod",
                     $production_env_location => "$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$production_env",
                     $upgrade_script_location => "$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$upgrade_script",
+                    $upgrade_postgres_script_location => "$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$upgrade_postgres_script",
                     $install_script_location => "$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$install_script",
                 ];
 
@@ -215,6 +219,7 @@ class SyncBunny extends Command
                 $pool->storage(fileName: "$compose_file_prod_location")->put("/$bunny_cdn_storage_name/$bunny_cdn_path/$compose_file_prod"),
                 $pool->storage(fileName: "$production_env_location")->put("/$bunny_cdn_storage_name/$bunny_cdn_path/$production_env"),
                 $pool->storage(fileName: "$upgrade_script_location")->put("/$bunny_cdn_storage_name/$bunny_cdn_path/$upgrade_script"),
+                $pool->storage(fileName: "$upgrade_postgres_script_location")->put("/$bunny_cdn_storage_name/$bunny_cdn_path/$upgrade_postgres_script"),
                 $pool->storage(fileName: "$install_script_location")->put("/$bunny_cdn_storage_name/$bunny_cdn_path/$install_script"),
             ]);
             Http::pool(fn (Pool $pool) => [
@@ -222,6 +227,7 @@ class SyncBunny extends Command
                 $pool->purge("$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$compose_file_prod"),
                 $pool->purge("$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$production_env"),
                 $pool->purge("$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$upgrade_script"),
+                $pool->purge("$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$upgrade_postgres_script"),
                 $pool->purge("$bunny_cdn/$bunny_cdn_path/$install_script"),
             ]);
             $this->info('All files uploaded & purged to BunnyCDN.');

app/Console/Kernel.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use App\Jobs\CheckHelperImageJob;
 use App\Jobs\CheckTraefikVersionJob;
 use App\Jobs\CleanupInstanceStuffsJob;
 use App\Jobs\CleanupOrphanedPreviewContainersJob;
+use App\Jobs\CleanupStaleMultiplexedConnections;
 use App\Jobs\PullChangelog;
 use App\Jobs\PullTemplatesFromCDN;
 use App\Jobs\RegenerateSslCertJob;
@@ -40,6 +41,10 @@ class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
             $this->instanceTimezone = config('app.timezone');
         }
 
+        $this->scheduleInstance->call(fn () => app(CleanupStaleMultiplexedConnections::class)->handle())
+            ->name('cleanup:ssh-mux')
+            ->hourly()
+            ->when(fn () => config('constants.ssh.mux_enabled') && ! config('constants.coolify.is_windows_docker_desktop'));
         $this->scheduleInstance->command('cleanup:redis --clear-locks')->daily();
         $this->scheduleInstance->command('sanctum:prune-expired --hours=1')->hourly()->onOneServer();
         $this->scheduleInstance->job(new ApiTokenExpirationWarningJob)->hourly()->onOneServer();

app/Helpers/SshMultiplexingHelper.php

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ namespace App\Helpers;
 
 use App\Models\PrivateKey;
 use App\Models\Server;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\LockTimeoutException;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Process;
@@ -23,23 +25,77 @@ class SshMultiplexingHelper
 
     public static function ensureMultiplexedConnection(Server $server): bool
     {
-        return self::isMultiplexingEnabled();
+        if (! self::isMultiplexingEnabled()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (self::connectionIsReusable($server)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return Cache::lock(
+                self::connectionLockKey($server),
+                config('constants.ssh.mux_lock_ttl')
+            )->block(config('constants.ssh.mux_lock_timeout'), function () use ($server) {
+                if (self::connectionIsReusable($server)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                if (self::masterConnectionExists($server)) {
+                    return self::refreshMultiplexedConnection($server);
+                }
+
+                return self::establishNewMultiplexedConnection($server);
+            });
+        } catch (LockTimeoutException) {
+            Log::warning('SSH multiplexing lock timeout, falling back to non-multiplexed connection', [
+                'server' => $server->name ?? $server->ip,
+            ]);
+
+            return false;
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            Log::warning('SSH multiplexing lock unavailable, falling back to non-multiplexed connection', [
+                'server' => $server->name ?? $server->ip,
+                'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+            ]);
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function establishNewMultiplexedConnection(Server $server): bool
+    {
+        $sshConfig = self::serverSshConfiguration($server);
+        $sshKeyLocation = $sshConfig['sshKeyLocation'];
+        $muxSocket = $sshConfig['muxFilename'];
+        $connectionTimeout = self::getConnectionTimeout($server);
+        $serverInterval = config('constants.ssh.server_interval');
+        $muxPersistTime = config('constants.ssh.mux_persist_time');
+
+        $establishCommand = "ssh -fN -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPath=$muxSocket -o ControlPersist={$muxPersistTime} ";
+
+        if (data_get($server, 'settings.is_cloudflare_tunnel')) {
+            $establishCommand .= ' -o ProxyCommand="cloudflared access ssh --hostname %h" ';
+        }
+
+        $establishCommand .= self::getCommonSshOptions($server, $sshKeyLocation, $connectionTimeout, $serverInterval);
+        $establishCommand .= self::escapedUserAtHost($server);
+
+        $establishProcess = Process::run($establishCommand);
+        if ($establishProcess->exitCode() !== 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        self::storeConnectionMetadata($server);
+
+        return true;
     }
 
     public static function removeMuxFile(Server $server): void
     {
-        $closeCommand = self::muxControlCommand($server, 'exit');
-        Process::run($closeCommand);
-    }
-
-    private static function muxControlCommand(Server $server, string $operation): string
-    {
-        $command = "ssh -O {$operation} -o ControlPath=".self::muxSocket($server).' ';
-        if (data_get($server, 'settings.is_cloudflare_tunnel')) {
-            $command .= '-o ProxyCommand="cloudflared access ssh --hostname %h" ';
-        }
-
-        return $command.self::escapedUserAtHost($server);
+        Process::run(self::muxControlCommand($server, 'exit'));
+        self::clearConnectionMetadata($server);
     }
 
     public static function generateScpCommand(Server $server, string $source, string $dest): string
@@ -53,7 +109,16 @@ class SshMultiplexingHelper
         }
 
         if (self::isMultiplexingEnabled()) {
-            $scpCommand .= self::multiplexingOptions($server);
+            try {
+                if (self::ensureMultiplexedConnection($server)) {
+                    $scpCommand .= self::multiplexingOptions($server);
+                }
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                Log::warning('SSH multiplexing failed for SCP, falling back to non-multiplexed connection', [
+                    'server' => $server->name ?? $server->ip,
+                    'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+                ]);
+            }
         }
 
         if (data_get($server, 'settings.is_cloudflare_tunnel')) {
@@ -84,7 +149,16 @@ class SshMultiplexingHelper
         $sshCommand = $commandTimeout > 0 ? "timeout {$commandTimeout} ssh " : 'ssh ';
 
         if (! $disableMultiplexing && self::isMultiplexingEnabled()) {
-            $sshCommand .= self::multiplexingOptions($server);
+            try {
+                if (self::ensureMultiplexedConnection($server)) {
+                    $sshCommand .= self::multiplexingOptions($server);
+                }
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                Log::warning('SSH multiplexing failed, falling back to non-multiplexed connection', [
+                    'server' => $server->name ?? $server->ip,
+                    'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+                ]);
+            }
         }
 
         if (data_get($server, 'settings.is_cloudflare_tunnel')) {
@@ -101,6 +175,99 @@ class SshMultiplexingHelper
             .$delimiter;
     }
 
+    public static function getConnectionTimeout(Server $server): int
+    {
+        $timeout = data_get($server, 'settings.connection_timeout');
+
+        return is_numeric($timeout) && (int) $timeout > 0
+            ? (int) $timeout
+            : (int) config('constants.ssh.connection_timeout');
+    }
+
+    public static function isConnectionHealthy(Server $server): bool
+    {
+        $sshConfig = self::serverSshConfiguration($server);
+        $muxSocket = $sshConfig['muxFilename'];
+        $healthCheckTimeout = config('constants.ssh.mux_health_check_timeout');
+
+        $healthCommand = "timeout $healthCheckTimeout ssh -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPath=$muxSocket ";
+        if (data_get($server, 'settings.is_cloudflare_tunnel')) {
+            $healthCommand .= '-o ProxyCommand="cloudflared access ssh --hostname %h" ';
+        }
+        $healthCommand .= self::escapedUserAtHost($server)." 'echo \"health_check_ok\"'";
+
+        $process = Process::run($healthCommand);
+
+        return $process->exitCode() === 0 && str_contains($process->output(), 'health_check_ok');
+    }
+
+    public static function isConnectionExpired(Server $server): bool
+    {
+        $connectionAge = self::getConnectionAge($server);
+        $maxAge = config('constants.ssh.mux_max_age');
+
+        return $connectionAge !== null && $connectionAge > $maxAge;
+    }
+
+    public static function getConnectionAge(Server $server): ?int
+    {
+        $connectionTime = Cache::get("ssh_mux_connection_time_{$server->uuid}");
+
+        if ($connectionTime === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return time() - $connectionTime;
+    }
+
+    public static function refreshMultiplexedConnection(Server $server): bool
+    {
+        self::removeMuxFile($server);
+
+        return self::establishNewMultiplexedConnection($server);
+    }
+
+    private static function connectionLockKey(Server $server): string
+    {
+        return 'ssh_mux_lock_'.(gethostname() ?: 'unknown').'_'.$server->uuid;
+    }
+
+    private static function masterConnectionExists(Server $server): bool
+    {
+        return Process::run(self::muxControlCommand($server, 'check'))->exitCode() === 0;
+    }
+
+    private static function connectionIsReusable(Server $server): bool
+    {
+        if (! self::masterConnectionExists($server)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (self::getConnectionAge($server) === null) {
+            self::storeConnectionMetadata($server);
+        }
+
+        if (self::isConnectionExpired($server)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (config('constants.ssh.mux_health_check_enabled') && ! self::isConnectionHealthy($server)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static function muxControlCommand(Server $server, string $operation): string
+    {
+        $command = "ssh -O {$operation} -o ControlPath=".self::muxSocket($server).' ';
+        if (data_get($server, 'settings.is_cloudflare_tunnel')) {
+            $command .= '-o ProxyCommand="cloudflared access ssh --hostname %h" ';
+        }
+
+        return $command.self::escapedUserAtHost($server);
+    }
+
     private static function multiplexingOptions(Server $server): string
     {
         return '-o ControlMaster=auto '
@@ -158,15 +325,6 @@ class SshMultiplexingHelper
         }
     }
 
-    public static function getConnectionTimeout(Server $server): int
-    {
-        $timeout = data_get($server, 'settings.connection_timeout');
-
-        return is_numeric($timeout) && (int) $timeout > 0
-            ? (int) $timeout
-            : (int) config('constants.ssh.connection_timeout');
-    }
-
     private static function getCommonSshOptions(Server $server, string $sshKeyLocation, int $connectionTimeout, int $serverInterval, bool $isScp = false): string
     {
         $options = "-i {$sshKeyLocation} "
@@ -183,4 +341,14 @@ class SshMultiplexingHelper
 
         return $options.'-p '.escapeshellarg((string) $server->port).' ';
     }
+
+    private static function storeConnectionMetadata(Server $server): void
+    {
+        Cache::put("ssh_mux_connection_time_{$server->uuid}", time(), config('constants.ssh.mux_persist_time') + 300);
+    }
+
+    private static function clearConnectionMetadata(Server $server): void
+    {
+        Cache::forget("ssh_mux_connection_time_{$server->uuid}");
+    }
 }

app/Http/Controllers/Api/ApplicationsController.php

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class ApplicationsController extends Controller
                     mediaType: 'application/json',
                     schema: new OA\Schema(
                         type: 'object',
-                        required: ['project_uuid', 'server_uuid', 'environment_name', 'environment_uuid', 'git_repository', 'git_branch', 'build_pack', 'ports_exposes'],
+                        required: ['project_uuid', 'server_uuid', 'environment_name', 'environment_uuid', 'git_repository', 'git_branch', 'build_pack'],
                         properties: [
                             'project_uuid' => ['type' => 'string', 'description' => 'The project UUID.'],
                             'server_uuid' => ['type' => 'string', 'description' => 'The server UUID.'],
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ class ApplicationsController extends Controller
                     mediaType: 'application/json',
                     schema: new OA\Schema(
                         type: 'object',
-                        required: ['project_uuid', 'server_uuid', 'environment_name', 'environment_uuid', 'github_app_uuid', 'git_repository', 'git_branch', 'build_pack', 'ports_exposes'],
+                        required: ['project_uuid', 'server_uuid', 'environment_name', 'environment_uuid', 'github_app_uuid', 'git_repository', 'git_branch', 'build_pack'],
                         properties: [
                             'project_uuid' => ['type' => 'string', 'description' => 'The project UUID.'],
                             'server_uuid' => ['type' => 'string', 'description' => 'The server UUID.'],
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ class ApplicationsController extends Controller
                     mediaType: 'application/json',
                     schema: new OA\Schema(
                         type: 'object',
-                        required: ['project_uuid', 'server_uuid', 'environment_name', 'environment_uuid', 'private_key_uuid', 'git_repository', 'git_branch', 'build_pack', 'ports_exposes'],
+                        required: ['project_uuid', 'server_uuid', 'environment_name', 'environment_uuid', 'private_key_uuid', 'git_repository', 'git_branch', 'build_pack'],
                         properties: [
                             'project_uuid' => ['type' => 'string', 'description' => 'The project UUID.'],
                             'server_uuid' => ['type' => 'string', 'description' => 'The server UUID.'],
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ class ApplicationsController extends Controller
                     mediaType: 'application/json',
                     schema: new OA\Schema(
                         type: 'object',
-                        required: ['project_uuid', 'server_uuid', 'environment_name', 'environment_uuid', 'docker_registry_image_name', 'ports_exposes'],
+                        required: ['project_uuid', 'server_uuid', 'environment_name', 'environment_uuid', 'docker_registry_image_name'],
                         properties: [
                             'project_uuid' => ['type' => 'string', 'description' => 'The project UUID.'],
                             'server_uuid' => ['type' => 'string', 'description' => 'The server UUID.'],
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ class ApplicationsController extends Controller
                 'git_repository' => ['string', 'required', new ValidGitRepositoryUrl],
                 'git_branch' => ['string', 'required', new ValidGitBranch],
                 'build_pack' => ['required', Rule::enum(BuildPackTypes::class)],
-                'ports_exposes' => 'string|regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/|required',
+                'ports_exposes' => 'string|regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/|nullable',
                 'docker_compose_domains' => 'array|nullable',
                 'docker_compose_domains.*' => 'array:name,domain',
                 'docker_compose_domains.*.name' => 'string|required',
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ class ApplicationsController extends Controller
                 'git_repository' => 'string|required',
                 'git_branch' => ['string', 'required', new ValidGitBranch],
                 'build_pack' => ['required', Rule::enum(BuildPackTypes::class)],
-                'ports_exposes' => 'string|regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/|required',
+                'ports_exposes' => 'string|regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/|nullable',
                 'github_app_uuid' => 'string|required',
                 'watch_paths' => 'string|nullable',
                 'docker_compose_domains' => 'array|nullable',
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ class ApplicationsController extends Controller
                 'git_repository' => ['string', 'required', new ValidGitRepositoryUrl],
                 'git_branch' => ['string', 'required', new ValidGitBranch],
                 'build_pack' => ['required', Rule::enum(BuildPackTypes::class)],
-                'ports_exposes' => 'string|regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/|required',
+                'ports_exposes' => 'string|regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/|nullable',
                 'private_key_uuid' => 'string|required',
                 'watch_paths' => 'string|nullable',
                 'docker_compose_domains' => 'array|nullable',
@@ -1825,7 +1825,7 @@ class ApplicationsController extends Controller
             $validationRules = [
                 'docker_registry_image_name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255', new DockerImageFormat],
                 'docker_registry_image_tag' => ValidationPatterns::dockerImageTagRules(),
-                'ports_exposes' => 'string|regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/|required',
+                'ports_exposes' => 'string|regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/|nullable',
             ];
             $validationRules = array_merge(sharedDataApplications(), $validationRules);
             $validator = customApiValidator($request->all(), $validationRules);

app/Http/Controllers/Api/ServersController.php

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use App\Models\PrivateKey;
 use App\Models\Project;
 use App\Models\Server as ModelsServer;
 use App\Rules\ValidServerIp;
+use App\Support\ValidationPatterns;
 use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use OpenApi\Attributes as OA;
@@ -495,10 +496,12 @@ class ServersController extends Controller
             'ip' => ['string', 'required', new ValidServerIp],
             'port' => 'integer|nullable|between:1,65535',
             'private_key_uuid' => 'string|required',
-            'user' => ['string', 'nullable', 'regex:/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/'],
+            'user' => ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameRules(required: false),
             'is_build_server' => 'boolean|nullable',
             'instant_validate' => 'boolean|nullable',
             'proxy_type' => 'string|nullable',
+        ], [
+            ...ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameMessages(),
         ]);
 
         $extraFields = array_diff(array_keys($request->all()), $allowedFields);
@@ -674,7 +677,7 @@ class ServersController extends Controller
             'ip' => ['string', 'nullable', new ValidServerIp],
             'port' => 'integer|nullable|between:1,65535',
             'private_key_uuid' => 'string|nullable',
-            'user' => ['string', 'nullable', 'regex:/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/'],
+            'user' => ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameRules(required: false),
             'is_build_server' => 'boolean|nullable',
             'instant_validate' => 'boolean|nullable',
             'proxy_type' => 'string|nullable',
@@ -684,6 +687,8 @@ class ServersController extends Controller
             'server_disk_usage_notification_threshold' => 'integer|min:1|max:100',
             'server_disk_usage_check_frequency' => 'string',
             'connection_timeout' => 'integer|min:1|max:300',
+        ], [
+            ...ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameMessages(),
         ]);
 
         $extraFields = array_diff(array_keys($request->all()), $allowedFields);
@@ -708,17 +713,17 @@ class ServersController extends Controller
             $validProxyTypes = collect(ProxyTypes::cases())->map(function ($proxyType) {
                 return str($proxyType->value)->lower();
             });
-            if ($validProxyTypes->contains(str($request->proxy_type)->lower())) {
-                $server->changeProxy($request->proxy_type, async: true);
-            } else {
+            if (! $validProxyTypes->contains(str($request->proxy_type)->lower())) {
                 return response()->json(['message' => 'Invalid proxy type.'], 422);
             }
         }
-        $server->update($request->only(['name', 'description', 'ip', 'port', 'user']));
-        if ($request->is_build_server) {
-            $server->settings()->update([
-                'is_build_server' => $request->is_build_server,
-            ]);
+        $updateFields = $request->only(['name', 'description', 'ip', 'port', 'user']);
+        if ($request->filled('private_key_uuid')) {
+            $privateKey = PrivateKey::whereTeamId($teamId)->whereUuid($request->private_key_uuid)->first();
+            if (! $privateKey) {
+                return response()->json(['message' => 'Private key not found.'], 404);
+            }
+            $updateFields['private_key_id'] = $privateKey->id;
         }
 
         if ($request->has('server_disk_usage_check_frequency') && ! validate_cron_expression($request->server_disk_usage_check_frequency)) {
@@ -728,11 +733,22 @@ class ServersController extends Controller
             ], 422);
         }
 
+        $server->update($updateFields);
+        if ($request->has('is_build_server')) {
+            $server->settings()->update([
+                'is_build_server' => $request->boolean('is_build_server'),
+            ]);
+        }
+
         $advancedSettings = $request->only(['concurrent_builds', 'dynamic_timeout', 'deployment_queue_limit', 'server_disk_usage_notification_threshold', 'server_disk_usage_check_frequency', 'connection_timeout']);
         if (! empty($advancedSettings)) {
             $server->settings()->update(array_filter($advancedSettings, fn ($value) => ! is_null($value)));
         }
 
+        if ($request->proxy_type) {
+            $server->changeProxy($request->proxy_type, async: true);
+        }
+
         if ($request->instant_validate) {
             ValidateServer::dispatch($server);
         }

app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use App\Models\TeamInvitation;
 use App\Models\User;
 use App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider;
 use Illuminate\Auth\Events\Verified;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\DecryptException;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Validation\ValidatesRequests;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -98,23 +99,50 @@ class Controller extends BaseController
     {
         $token = request()->get('token');
         if ($token) {
-            $decrypted = Crypt::decryptString($token);
-            $email = str($decrypted)->before('@@@');
-            $password = str($decrypted)->after('@@@');
+            try {
+                $decrypted = Crypt::decryptString($token);
+            } catch (DecryptException) {
+                return redirect()->route('login')->with('error', 'Invalid credentials.');
+            }
+
+            if (! str_contains($decrypted, '@@@')) {
+                return redirect()->route('login')->with('error', 'Invalid credentials.');
+            }
+
+            $payload = explode('@@@', $decrypted, 3);
+            if (count($payload) === 3) {
+                [$email, $invitationUuid, $password] = $payload;
+            } else {
+                [$email, $password] = $payload;
+                $invitationUuid = null;
+            }
+
+            $email = Str::lower($email);
             $user = User::whereEmail($email)->first();
             if (! $user) {
                 return redirect()->route('login');
             }
+
+            $invitation = TeamInvitation::query()
+                ->where('email', $email)
+                ->when($invitationUuid, fn ($query) => $query->where('uuid', $invitationUuid))
+                ->where('link', request()->fullUrl())
+                ->first();
+            if (! $invitation || ! $invitation->isValid()) {
+                return redirect()->route('login')->with('error', 'Invitation has expired or been revoked.');
+            }
+
             if (Hash::check($password, $user->password)) {
-                $invitation = TeamInvitation::whereEmail($email);
-                if ($invitation->exists()) {
-                    $team = $invitation->first()->team;
-                    $user->teams()->attach($team->id, ['role' => $invitation->first()->role]);
-                    $invitation->delete();
-                } else {
-                    $team = $user->teams()->first();
+                $team = $invitation->team;
+                if (! $user->teams()->where('team_id', $team->id)->exists()) {
+                    $user->teams()->attach($team->id, ['role' => $invitation->role]);
                 }
+                $invitation->delete();
+
                 Auth::login($user);
+                $user->forceFill([
+                    'password' => Hash::make(Str::random(64)),
+                ])->save();
                 session(['currentTeam' => $team]);
 
                 return redirect()->route('dashboard');

app/Http/Controllers/Webhook/Github.php

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ use App\Models\Application;
 use App\Models\GithubApp;
 use App\Models\PrivateKey;
 use Exception;
+use Illuminate\Http\Exceptions\HttpResponseException;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
@@ -539,19 +541,22 @@ class Github extends Controller
 
     public function install(Request $request)
     {
-        $source = (string) $request->query('source', '');
-        abort_if(blank($source), 404);
-
-        $github_app = GithubApp::ownedByCurrentTeam()->where('uuid', $source)->firstOrFail();
-
         $setup_action = (string) $request->query('setup_action', '');
-        if ($setup_action !== 'install') {
-            return redirect()->route('source.github.show', ['github_app_uuid' => $github_app->uuid]);
-        }
+        abort_unless(in_array($setup_action, ['install', 'update'], true), 422, 'Invalid GitHub App setup action.');
 
         $installation_id = (string) $request->query('installation_id', '');
         abort_unless(ctype_digit($installation_id), 422, 'Missing GitHub App installation id.');
 
+        if ($setup_action === 'update') {
+            return $this->redirectAfterGithubAppInstallationUpdate($installation_id);
+        }
+
+        $github_app = $this->consumeGithubAppSetupState(
+            request: $request,
+            state: (string) $request->query('state', ''),
+            action: 'install',
+        );
+
         abort_unless(
             $this->githubInstallationBelongsToApp($github_app, $installation_id),
             403,
@@ -564,6 +569,19 @@ class Github extends Controller
         return redirect()->route('source.github.show', ['github_app_uuid' => $github_app->uuid]);
     }
 
+    private function redirectAfterGithubAppInstallationUpdate(string $installation_id): RedirectResponse
+    {
+        $github_app = GithubApp::ownedByCurrentTeam()
+            ->where('installation_id', $installation_id)
+            ->first();
+
+        if ($github_app) {
+            return redirect()->route('source.github.show', ['github_app_uuid' => $github_app->uuid]);
+        }
+
+        return redirect()->route('source.all');
+    }
+
     /**
      * Verify that the given installation id actually belongs to this GitHub App.
      *
@@ -596,11 +614,14 @@ class Github extends Controller
 
     private function consumeGithubAppSetupState(Request $request, string $state, string $action): GithubApp
     {
-        abort_if(blank($state), 404);
+        if (blank($state)) {
+            $this->rejectInvalidGithubAppSetupState($request);
+        }
 
         $payload = Cache::pull($this->githubAppSetupStateCacheKey($state));
-        abort_unless(is_array($payload), 404);
-        abort_unless(data_get($payload, 'action') === $action, 404);
+        if (! is_array($payload) || data_get($payload, 'action') !== $action) {
+            $this->rejectInvalidGithubAppSetupState($request);
+        }
 
         $team_id = $request->user()?->currentTeam()?->id;
         abort_unless(! is_null($team_id) && (int) data_get($payload, 'team_id') === $team_id, 403);
@@ -610,6 +631,18 @@ class Github extends Controller
             ->firstOrFail();
     }
 
+    private function rejectInvalidGithubAppSetupState(Request $request): never
+    {
+        if ($request->expectsJson()) {
+            abort(404);
+        }
+
+        throw new HttpResponseException(
+            redirect()
+                ->route('source.all')
+        );
+    }
+
     private function githubAppSetupStateCacheKey(string $state): string
     {
         return 'github-app-setup-state:'.hash('sha256', $state);

app/Jobs/ApplicationDeploymentJob.php

@@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ class ApplicationDeploymentJob implements ShouldBeEncrypted, ShouldQueue
 
             // Add PORT if not exists, use the first port as default
             if ($this->build_pack !== 'dockercompose') {
-                if ($this->application->environment_variables->where('key', 'PORT')->isEmpty()) {
+                if ($this->application->environment_variables->where('key', 'PORT')->isEmpty() && ! empty($ports)) {
                     $envs->push("PORT={$ports[0]}");
                 }
             }
@@ -2129,21 +2129,23 @@ class ApplicationDeploymentJob implements ShouldBeEncrypted, ShouldQueue
         $helperImage = "{$helperImage}:".getHelperVersion();
         // Get user home directory
         $this->serverUserHomeDir = instant_remote_process(['echo $HOME'], $this->server);
+        instant_remote_process(["mkdir -p {$this->serverUserHomeDir}/.docker/buildx"], $this->server);
         $this->dockerConfigFileExists = instant_remote_process(["test -f {$this->serverUserHomeDir}/.docker/config.json && echo 'OK' || echo 'NOK'"], $this->server);
 
         $env_flags = $this->generate_docker_env_flags_for_secrets();
+        $buildxMetadataVolume = "-v {$this->serverUserHomeDir}/.docker/buildx:/root/.docker/buildx";
         if ($this->use_build_server) {
             if ($this->dockerConfigFileExists === 'NOK') {
                 throw new DeploymentException('Docker config file (~/.docker/config.json) not found on the build server. Please run "docker login" to login to the docker registry on the server.');
             }
-            $runCommand = "docker run -d --name {$this->deployment_uuid} {$env_flags} --rm -v {$this->serverUserHomeDir}/.docker/config.json:/root/.docker/config.json:ro -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock {$helperImage}";
+            $runCommand = "docker run -d --name {$this->deployment_uuid} {$env_flags} --rm -v {$this->serverUserHomeDir}/.docker/config.json:/root/.docker/config.json:ro {$buildxMetadataVolume} -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock {$helperImage}";
         } else {
             if ($this->dockerConfigFileExists === 'OK') {
                 $safeNetwork = escapeshellarg($this->destination->network);
-                $runCommand = "docker run -d --network {$safeNetwork} --name {$this->deployment_uuid} {$env_flags} --rm -v {$this->serverUserHomeDir}/.docker/config.json:/root/.docker/config.json:ro -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock {$helperImage}";
+                $runCommand = "docker run -d --network {$safeNetwork} --name {$this->deployment_uuid} {$env_flags} --rm -v {$this->serverUserHomeDir}/.docker/config.json:/root/.docker/config.json:ro {$buildxMetadataVolume} -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock {$helperImage}";
             } else {
                 $safeNetwork = escapeshellarg($this->destination->network);
-                $runCommand = "docker run -d --network {$safeNetwork} --name {$this->deployment_uuid} {$env_flags} --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock {$helperImage}";
+                $runCommand = "docker run -d --network {$safeNetwork} --name {$this->deployment_uuid} {$env_flags} --rm {$buildxMetadataVolume} -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock {$helperImage}";
             }
         }
         if ($firstTry) {
@@ -2258,7 +2260,7 @@ class ApplicationDeploymentJob implements ShouldBeEncrypted, ShouldQueue
         $sshCommand = "ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$this->customPort} -o Port={$this->customPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null";
 
         if ($identityFile !== null) {
-            $sshCommand .= " -i {$identityFile}";
+            $sshCommand .= " -i {$identityFile} -o IdentitiesOnly=yes";
         }
 
         return 'GIT_SSH_COMMAND="'.$sshCommand.'" git ls-remote '.escapeshellarg($this->fullRepoUrl).' '.escapeshellarg($lsRemoteRef);
@@ -2298,18 +2300,19 @@ class ApplicationDeploymentJob implements ShouldBeEncrypted, ShouldQueue
         $private_key = data_get($this->application, 'private_key.private_key');
         if ($private_key) {
             $private_key = base64_encode($private_key);
+            $customSshKeyLocation = "/root/.ssh/id_rsa_coolify_{$this->deployment_uuid}";
             $this->execute_remote_command(
                 [
                     executeInDocker($this->deployment_uuid, 'mkdir -p /root/.ssh'),
                 ],
                 [
-                    executeInDocker($this->deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null"),
+                    executeInDocker($this->deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null"),
                 ],
                 [
-                    executeInDocker($this->deployment_uuid, 'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa'),
+                    executeInDocker($this->deployment_uuid, "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}"),
                 ],
                 [
-                    executeInDocker($this->deployment_uuid, $this->gitLsRemoteCommand($lsRemoteRef, '/root/.ssh/id_rsa')),
+                    executeInDocker($this->deployment_uuid, $this->gitLsRemoteCommand($lsRemoteRef, $customSshKeyLocation)),
                     'hidden' => true,
                     'save' => 'git_commit_sha',
                 ]
@@ -3136,7 +3139,7 @@ COPY ./nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf");
                     'image' => $this->production_image_name,
                     'container_name' => $this->container_name,
                     'restart' => RESTART_MODE,
-                    'expose' => $ports,
+                    ...(! empty($ports) ? ['expose' => $ports] : []),
                     'networks' => [
                         $this->destination->network => [
                             'aliases' => array_merge(
@@ -3168,16 +3171,19 @@ COPY ./nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf");
         // If custom_healthcheck_found is true, the Dockerfile's HEALTHCHECK will be used
         // If healthcheck is disabled, no healthcheck will be added
         if (! $this->application->custom_healthcheck_found && ! $this->application->isHealthcheckDisabled()) {
-            $docker_compose['services'][$this->container_name]['healthcheck'] = [
-                'test' => [
-                    'CMD-SHELL',
-                    $this->generate_healthcheck_commands(),
-                ],
-                'interval' => $this->application->health_check_interval.'s',
-                'timeout' => $this->application->health_check_timeout.'s',
-                'retries' => $this->application->health_check_retries,
-                'start_period' => $this->application->health_check_start_period.'s',
-            ];
+            $healthcheck_command = $this->generate_healthcheck_commands();
+            if ($healthcheck_command !== null) {
+                $docker_compose['services'][$this->container_name]['healthcheck'] = [
+                    'test' => [
+                        'CMD-SHELL',
+                        $healthcheck_command,
+                    ],
+                    'interval' => $this->application->health_check_interval.'s',
+                    'timeout' => $this->application->health_check_timeout.'s',
+                    'retries' => $this->application->health_check_retries,
+                    'start_period' => $this->application->health_check_start_period.'s',
+                ];
+            }
         }
 
         if (! is_null($this->application->limits_cpuset)) {
@@ -3387,7 +3393,11 @@ COPY ./nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf");
 
         // HTTP type healthcheck (default)
         if (! $this->application->health_check_port) {
-            $health_check_port = (int) $this->application->ports_exposes_array[0];
+            if (! empty($this->application->ports_exposes_array)) {
+                $health_check_port = (int) $this->application->ports_exposes_array[0];
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
         } else {
             $health_check_port = (int) $this->application->health_check_port;
         }

app/Jobs/CleanupStaleMultiplexedConnections.php

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Jobs;
+
+use App\Models\Server;
+use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
+use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
+use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Process;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
+
+class CleanupStaleMultiplexedConnections implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;
+
+    public function handle()
+    {
+        $this->cleanupStaleConnections();
+        $this->cleanupNonExistentServerConnections();
+        $this->cleanupOrphanedSshProcesses();
+        $this->cleanupOrphanedCloudflaredProcesses();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Kill backgrounded ssh master processes that lost the ControlPath socket
+     * race. Such processes are not masters, so ControlPersist never reaps them
+     * and they leak memory until the container restarts. A legitimate master
+     * always owns its socket file; an orphan has none.
+     *
+     * Processes younger than the minimum age are skipped: a freshly forked
+     * master creates its socket a few milliseconds after starting, so a young
+     * process with no socket may simply be mid-establish rather than orphaned.
+     */
+    private function cleanupOrphanedSshProcesses(): void
+    {
+        $muxDir = storage_path('app/ssh/mux');
+        $minAge = (int) config('constants.ssh.mux_orphan_min_age');
+
+        foreach ($this->listProcesses() as $process) {
+            // Backgrounded ssh master: current `ssh -fN` or legacy `ssh -fNM`.
+            if (! preg_match('#(^|/)ssh -fN#', $process['args'])) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Only ever touch ssh processes pointing at Coolify's mux directory.
+            if (! preg_match('#ControlPath=('.preg_quote($muxDir, '#').'/\S+)#', $process['args'], $pathMatch)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($process['etimes'] >= $minAge && ! file_exists($pathMatch[1])) {
+                $this->reapOrphan('ssh', $process);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Kill orphaned `cloudflared access ssh` proxy processes. Each is spawned
+     * as the SSH ProxyCommand transport for a Cloudflare Tunnel server and must
+     * die with its parent ssh. When that ssh is killed or orphaned (e.g. a lost
+     * mux master), the cloudflared process can leak and accumulate. A legitimate
+     * proxy always has a live ssh parent; one without is safe to reap.
+     *
+     * Processes younger than the minimum age are skipped so a proxy whose parent
+     * ssh is still starting up, or a transient `ssh -O check` proxy mid-exit, is
+     * never mistaken for an orphan.
+     */
+    private function cleanupOrphanedCloudflaredProcesses(): void
+    {
+        $minAge = (int) config('constants.ssh.mux_orphan_min_age');
+        $processes = $this->listProcesses();
+
+        $sshPids = [];
+        foreach ($processes as $process) {
+            // The ssh binary itself, not `cloudflared access ssh` (space before ssh).
+            if (preg_match('#(^|/)ssh\s#', $process['args'])) {
+                $sshPids[$process['pid']] = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach ($processes as $process) {
+            // `cloudflared access ssh`, never the `cloudflared tunnel` daemon.
+            if (! str_contains($process['args'], 'cloudflared access ssh')) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Orphaned when no live ssh process is its parent.
+            if ($process['etimes'] >= $minAge && ! isset($sshPids[$process['ppid']])) {
+                $this->reapOrphan('cloudflared', $process);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reap a detected orphan process. When orphan reaping is disabled (the
+     * default), the orphan is only logged — a dry-run mode that lets operators
+     * verify what would be killed before enabling it for real.
+     *
+     * @param  array{pid: string, ppid: string, etimes: int, args: string}  $process
+     */
+    private function reapOrphan(string $kind, array $process): void
+    {
+        if (! config('constants.ssh.mux_orphan_reap_enabled')) {
+            Log::info("Orphaned {$kind} process detected (dry-run, not killed)", [
+                'pid' => $process['pid'],
+                'etimes' => $process['etimes'],
+                'command' => $process['args'],
+            ]);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Process::run('kill '.escapeshellarg($process['pid']));
+        Log::info("Killed orphaned {$kind} process", [
+            'pid' => $process['pid'],
+            'etimes' => $process['etimes'],
+            'command' => $process['args'],
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Snapshot of running processes.
+     *
+     * @return list<array{pid: string, ppid: string, etimes: int, args: string}>
+     */
+    private function listProcesses(): array
+    {
+        $ps = Process::run('ps -ww -eo pid=,ppid=,etimes=,args=');
+        if ($ps->exitCode() !== 0) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $processes = [];
+        foreach (explode("\n", trim($ps->output())) as $line) {
+            if (! preg_match('/^\s*(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(.*)$/', $line, $matches)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $processes[] = [
+                'pid' => $matches[1],
+                'ppid' => $matches[2],
+                'etimes' => (int) $matches[3],
+                'args' => $matches[4],
+            ];
+        }
+
+        return $processes;
+    }
+
+    private function cleanupStaleConnections()
+    {
+        $muxFiles = Storage::disk('ssh-mux')->files();
+
+        foreach ($muxFiles as $muxFile) {
+            $serverUuid = $this->extractServerUuidFromMuxFile($muxFile);
+            $server = Server::where('uuid', $serverUuid)->first();
+
+            if (! $server) {
+                $this->removeMultiplexFile($muxFile, 'server_not_found');
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $muxSocket = "/var/www/html/storage/app/ssh/mux/{$muxFile}";
+            $checkCommand = "ssh -O check -o ControlPath={$muxSocket} {$server->user}@{$server->ip} 2>/dev/null";
+            $checkProcess = Process::run($checkCommand);
+
+            if ($checkProcess->exitCode() !== 0) {
+                $this->removeMultiplexFile($muxFile, 'connection_check_failed');
+            } else {
+                $muxContent = Storage::disk('ssh-mux')->get($muxFile);
+                $establishedAt = Carbon::parse(substr($muxContent, 37));
+                $expirationTime = $establishedAt->addSeconds(config('constants.ssh.mux_persist_time'));
+
+                if (Carbon::now()->isAfter($expirationTime)) {
+                    $this->removeMultiplexFile($muxFile, 'expired');
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function cleanupNonExistentServerConnections()
+    {
+        $muxFiles = Storage::disk('ssh-mux')->files();
+        $existingServerUuids = Server::pluck('uuid')->toArray();
+
+        foreach ($muxFiles as $muxFile) {
+            $serverUuid = $this->extractServerUuidFromMuxFile($muxFile);
+            if (! in_array($serverUuid, $existingServerUuids)) {
+                $this->removeMultiplexFile($muxFile, 'server_does_not_exist');
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function extractServerUuidFromMuxFile($muxFile)
+    {
+        return substr($muxFile, 4);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close and delete a stale mux socket file. When orphan reaping is disabled
+     * (the default), the file is only logged — a dry-run mode that lets operators
+     * verify what would be removed before enabling it for real.
+     */
+    private function removeMultiplexFile(string $muxFile, string $reason): void
+    {
+        if (! config('constants.ssh.mux_orphan_reap_enabled')) {
+            Log::info('Stale mux file detected (dry-run, not removed)', [
+                'file' => $muxFile,
+                'reason' => $reason,
+            ]);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $muxSocket = "/var/www/html/storage/app/ssh/mux/{$muxFile}";
+        $closeCommand = "ssh -O exit -o ControlPath={$muxSocket} localhost 2>/dev/null";
+        Process::run($closeCommand);
+        Storage::disk('ssh-mux')->delete($muxFile);
+
+        Log::info('Removed stale mux file', [
+            'file' => $muxFile,
+            'reason' => $reason,
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Jobs/SendWebhookJob.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Jobs;
 
+use App\Rules\SafeWebhookUrl;
 use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeEncrypted;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ class SendWebhookJob implements ShouldBeEncrypted, ShouldQueue
     {
         $validator = Validator::make(
             ['webhook_url' => $this->webhookUrl],
-            ['webhook_url' => ['required', 'url', new \App\Rules\SafeWebhookUrl]]
+            ['webhook_url' => ['required', 'url', new SafeWebhookUrl]]
         );
 
         if ($validator->fails()) {

app/Livewire/Boarding/Index.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use App\Models\Project;
 use App\Models\Server;
 use App\Models\Team;
 use App\Services\ConfigurationRepository;
+use App\Support\ValidationPatterns;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Url;
 use Livewire\Component;
@@ -212,6 +213,23 @@ class Index extends Component
         }
     }
 
+    protected function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'remoteServerName' => 'required|string',
+            'remoteServerHost' => 'required|string',
+            'remoteServerPort' => 'required|integer|min:1|max:65535',
+            'remoteServerUser' => ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameRules(),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    protected function messages(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            ...ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameMessages('remoteServerUser', 'SSH User'),
+        ];
+    }
+
     public function getProxyType()
     {
         $this->selectProxy(ProxyTypes::TRAEFIK->value);
@@ -274,12 +292,7 @@ class Index extends Component
 
     public function saveServer()
     {
-        $this->validate([
-            'remoteServerName' => 'required|string',
-            'remoteServerHost' => 'required|string',
-            'remoteServerPort' => 'required|integer',
-            'remoteServerUser' => 'required|string',
-        ]);
+        $this->validate();
 
         $this->privateKey = formatPrivateKey($this->privateKey);
         $foundServer = Server::whereIp($this->remoteServerHost)->first();
@@ -465,10 +478,10 @@ class Index extends Component
 
     public function saveAndValidateServer()
     {
-        $this->validate([
-            'remoteServerPort' => 'required|integer|min:1|max:65535',
-            'remoteServerUser' => 'required|string',
-        ]);
+        $this->validate(array_intersect_key($this->rules(), array_flip([
+            'remoteServerPort',
+            'remoteServerUser',
+        ])));
 
         $this->createdServer->update([
             'port' => $this->remoteServerPort,

app/Livewire/Destination/Resources.php

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Destination;
+
+use App\Models\Application;
+use App\Models\BaseModel;
+use App\Models\Service;
+use App\Models\StandaloneClickhouse;
+use App\Models\StandaloneDocker;
+use App\Models\StandaloneDragonfly;
+use App\Models\StandaloneKeydb;
+use App\Models\StandaloneMariadb;
+use App\Models\StandaloneMongodb;
+use App\Models\StandaloneMysql;
+use App\Models\StandalonePostgresql;
+use App\Models\StandaloneRedis;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Locked;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class Resources extends Component
+{
+    #[Locked]
+    public $destination;
+
+    public array $resources = [];
+
+    public function mount(string $destination_uuid)
+    {
+        try {
+            $destination = find_destination_for_current_team($destination_uuid);
+            if (! $destination) {
+                return redirect()->route('destination.index');
+            }
+            if (! $destination instanceof StandaloneDocker) {
+                return redirect()->route('destination.show', ['destination_uuid' => $destination->uuid]);
+            }
+
+            $this->destination = $destination;
+            $this->loadResources();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            return handleError($e, $this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load applications, services, and database resources deployed to the standalone Docker destination.
+     *
+     * @return void Populates the resources property for display.
+     */
+    public function loadResources(): void
+    {
+        $this->resources = $this->collectResources([
+            $this->destination->applications,
+            $this->destination->services,
+            $this->destination->postgresqls,
+            $this->destination->redis,
+            $this->destination->mongodbs,
+            $this->destination->mysqls,
+            $this->destination->mariadbs,
+            $this->destination->keydbs,
+            $this->destination->dragonflies,
+            $this->destination->clickhouses,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, iterable<Application|Service|StandalonePostgresql|StandaloneRedis|StandaloneMongodb|StandaloneMysql|StandaloneMariadb|StandaloneKeydb|StandaloneDragonfly|StandaloneClickhouse>>  $groups
+     * @return array<int, array{uuid:string,type:string,name:string,project:string|null,environment:string|null,url:string|null,search:string}>
+     */
+    protected function collectResources(array $groups): array
+    {
+        $rows = [];
+        foreach ($groups as $group) {
+            foreach ($group as $resource) {
+                $rows[] = $this->resourceRow($resource);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $rows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  Application|Service|StandalonePostgresql|StandaloneRedis|StandaloneMongodb|StandaloneMysql|StandaloneMariadb|StandaloneKeydb|StandaloneDragonfly|StandaloneClickhouse  $resource
+     * @return array{uuid:string,type:string,name:string,project:string|null,environment:string|null,url:string|null,search:string}
+     */
+    protected function resourceRow(BaseModel $resource): array
+    {
+        $type = match (true) {
+            $resource instanceof Application => 'application',
+            $resource instanceof Service => 'service',
+            default => 'database',
+        };
+        $environment = $resource->environment;
+        $project = $environment?->project;
+        $routeName = "project.{$type}.configuration";
+        $url = ($project && $environment)
+            ? route($routeName, [
+                'project_uuid' => $project->uuid,
+                'environment_uuid' => $environment->uuid,
+                "{$type}_uuid" => $resource->uuid,
+            ])
+            : null;
+
+        return [
+            'uuid' => $resource->uuid,
+            'type' => $type,
+            'name' => $resource->name,
+            'project' => $project?->name,
+            'environment' => $environment?->name,
+            'url' => $url,
+            'search' => strtolower(implode(' ', array_filter([
+                $type,
+                $resource->name,
+                $project?->name,
+                $environment?->name,
+            ]))),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        return view('livewire.destination.resources');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Project/Application/Advanced.php

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ class Advanced extends Component
     #[Validate(['boolean'])]
     public bool $isConnectToDockerNetworkEnabled = false;
 
+    #[Validate(['integer', 'min:0'])]
+    public int $maxRestartCount = 10;
+
     public function mount()
     {
         try {
@@ -149,6 +152,7 @@ class Advanced extends Component
             $this->disableBuildCache = $this->application->settings->disable_build_cache;
             $this->injectBuildArgsToDockerfile = $this->application->settings->inject_build_args_to_dockerfile ?? true;
             $this->includeSourceCommitInBuild = $this->application->settings->include_source_commit_in_build ?? false;
+            $this->maxRestartCount = $this->application->max_restart_count ?? 10;
         }
 
         // Load stop_grace_period separately since it has its own save handler
@@ -289,6 +293,21 @@ class Advanced extends Component
         }
     }
 
+    public function saveMaxRestartCount()
+    {
+        try {
+            $this->authorize('update', $this->application);
+            $this->validate([
+                'maxRestartCount' => 'integer|min:0',
+            ]);
+            $this->application->max_restart_count = $this->maxRestartCount;
+            $this->application->save();
+            $this->dispatch('success', 'Max restart count saved.');
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            return handleError($e, $this);
+        }
+    }
+
     public function render()
     {
         return view('livewire.project.application.advanced');

app/Livewire/Project/Application/Configuration.php

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class Configuration extends Component
 
         $project = currentTeam()
             ->projects()
-            ->select('id', 'uuid', 'team_id')
+            ->select('id', 'uuid', 'name', 'team_id')
             ->where('uuid', request()->route('project_uuid'))
             ->firstOrFail();
         $environment = $project->environments()

app/Livewire/Project/Application/General.php

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class General extends Component
             'staticImage' => 'required',
             'baseDirectory' => array_merge(['required'], array_slice(ValidationPatterns::directoryPathRules(), 1)),
             'publishDirectory' => ValidationPatterns::directoryPathRules(),
-            'portsExposes' => ['required', 'string', 'regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/'],
+            'portsExposes' => ['nullable', 'string', 'regex:/^(\d+)(,\d+)*$/'],
             'portsMappings' => ValidationPatterns::portMappingRules(),
             'customNetworkAliases' => 'nullable',
             'dockerfile' => 'nullable',
@@ -212,7 +212,6 @@ class General extends Component
                 'buildPack.required' => 'The Build Pack field is required.',
                 'staticImage.required' => 'The Static Image field is required.',
                 'baseDirectory.required' => 'The Base Directory field is required.',
-                'portsExposes.required' => 'The Exposed Ports field is required.',
                 'portsExposes.regex' => 'Ports exposes must be a comma-separated list of port numbers (e.g. 3000,3001).',
                 ...ValidationPatterns::portMappingMessages(),
                 'isStatic.required' => 'The Static setting is required.',
@@ -760,7 +759,7 @@ class General extends Component
 
             $this->resetErrorBag();
 
-            $this->portsExposes = str($this->portsExposes)->replace(' ', '')->trim()->toString();
+            $this->portsExposes = str($this->portsExposes)->replace(' ', '')->trim()->toString() ?: null;
             if ($this->portsMappings) {
                 $this->portsMappings = str($this->portsMappings)->replace(' ', '')->trim()->toString();
             }

app/Livewire/Project/Database/Configuration.php

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Configuration extends Component
 
             $project = currentTeam()
                 ->projects()
-                ->select('id', 'uuid', 'team_id')
+                ->select('id', 'uuid', 'name', 'team_id')
                 ->where('uuid', request()->route('project_uuid'))
                 ->firstOrFail();
             $environment = $project->environments()

app/Livewire/Project/New/Select.php

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ namespace App\Livewire\Project\New;
 
 use App\Models\Project;
 use App\Models\Server;
+use Carbon\CarbonImmutable;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 class Select extends Component
@@ -105,7 +107,9 @@ class Select extends Component
     public function loadServices()
     {
         $services = get_service_templates();
-        $services = collect($services)->map(function ($service, $key) {
+        $templateLastUpdatedMap = $this->serviceTemplateLastUpdatedMap($services->keys());
+
+        $services = collect($services)->map(function ($service, $key) use ($templateLastUpdatedMap) {
             $default_logo = 'images/default.webp';
             $logo = data_get($service, 'logo', $default_logo);
             $local_logo_path = public_path($logo);
@@ -116,6 +120,7 @@ class Select extends Component
                 'logo_github_url' => file_exists($local_logo_path)
                     ? 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coollabsio/coolify/refs/heads/main/public/'.$logo
                     : asset($default_logo),
+                'templateLastUpdated' => $templateLastUpdatedMap[(string) $key] ?? null,
             ] + (array) $service;
         })->all();
 
@@ -247,6 +252,7 @@ class Select extends Component
         ];
 
         return [
+            'serviceTemplatesLastUpdated' => $this->serviceTemplatesLastUpdated(),
             'services' => $services,
             'categories' => $categories,
             'gitBasedApplications' => $gitBasedApplications,
@@ -268,6 +274,55 @@ class Select extends Component
         }
     }
 
+    private function serviceTemplatesLastUpdated(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->formatLastModified($this->serviceTemplatesPath());
+    }
+
+    private function serviceTemplateLastUpdatedMap(Collection $serviceNames): array
+    {
+        $bundleMtime = file_exists($this->serviceTemplatesPath()) ? filemtime($this->serviceTemplatesPath()) : 0;
+
+        return Cache::remember(
+            "service-template-last-updated-map:{$bundleMtime}",
+            now()->addDay(),
+            fn () => $serviceNames
+                ->mapWithKeys(fn ($serviceName) => [
+                    (string) $serviceName => $this->serviceTemplateLastUpdated((string) $serviceName),
+                ])
+                ->all()
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function serviceTemplateLastUpdated(string $serviceName): ?string
+    {
+        foreach (['yaml', 'yml'] as $extension) {
+            $templatePath = base_path("templates/compose/{$serviceName}.{$extension}");
+
+            if (file_exists($templatePath)) {
+                return $this->formatLastModified($templatePath);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private function serviceTemplatesPath(): string
+    {
+        return base_path('templates/'.config('constants.services.file_name'));
+    }
+
+    private function formatLastModified(string $path): ?string
+    {
+        if (! file_exists($path)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return CarbonImmutable::createFromTimestamp(filemtime($path))
+            ->timezone(config('app.timezone'))
+            ->format('M j, Y H:i');
+    }
+
     public function setType(string $type)
     {
         $type = str($type)->lower()->slug()->value();

app/Livewire/Project/Service/Configuration.php

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Configuration extends Component
             $this->query = request()->query();
             $project = currentTeam()
                 ->projects()
-                ->select('id', 'uuid', 'team_id')
+                ->select('id', 'uuid', 'name', 'team_id')
                 ->where('uuid', request()->route('project_uuid'))
                 ->firstOrFail();
             $environment = $project->environments()

app/Livewire/Project/Shared/ConfigurationChecker.php

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ class ConfigurationChecker extends Component
 
     public array $configurationDiff = [];
 
-    public array $groupedConfigurationChanges = [];
-
     public Application|Service|StandaloneRedis|StandalonePostgresql|StandaloneMongodb|StandaloneMysql|StandaloneMariadb|StandaloneKeydb|StandaloneDragonfly|StandaloneClickhouse $resource;
 
     public function getListeners(): array
@@ -50,21 +48,56 @@ class ConfigurationChecker extends Component
         $this->configurationChanged();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Members must never see environment variable values, so redact every
+     * environment-section change before it is serialized to the browser.
+     *
+     * @param  array<int, array<string, mixed>>  $changes
+     * @return array<int, array<string, mixed>>
+     */
+    private function redactEnvironmentChanges(array $changes, bool $redact): array
+    {
+        if (! $redact) {
+            return $changes;
+        }
+
+        return collect($changes)
+            ->map(function (array $change): array {
+                if (data_get($change, 'section') !== 'environment') {
+                    return $change;
+                }
+
+                $change['old_display_value'] = data_get($change, 'old_display_value') === '-' ? '-' : '••••••••';
+                $change['new_display_value'] = data_get($change, 'new_display_value') === '-' ? '-' : '••••••••';
+                $change['old_full_value'] = null;
+                $change['new_full_value'] = null;
+                $change['expandable'] = false;
+                $change['display_summary'] = data_get($change, 'type') === 'changed' ? 'Changed' : null;
+
+                return $change;
+            })
+            ->all();
+    }
+
     public function configurationChanged(): void
     {
         $this->resource->refresh();
 
         if ($this->resource instanceof Application) {
             $diff = $this->resource->pendingDeploymentConfigurationDiff();
+            // Fail closed: only owners/admins may see unlocked env values.
+            $redactEnvironment = ! (bool) auth()->user()?->isAdmin();
+
+            $array = $diff->toArray();
+            $array['changes'] = $this->redactEnvironmentChanges($array['changes'] ?? [], $redactEnvironment);
+
             $this->isConfigurationChanged = $diff->isChanged();
-            $this->configurationDiff = $diff->toArray();
-            $this->groupedConfigurationChanges = $diff->groupedChanges();
+            $this->configurationDiff = $array;
 
             return;
         }
 
         $this->isConfigurationChanged = $this->resource->isConfigurationChanged();
         $this->configurationDiff = [];
-        $this->groupedConfigurationChanges = [];
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Project/Shared/EnvironmentVariable/All.php

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ use App\Models\EnvironmentVariable;
 use App\Support\ValidationPatterns;
 use App\Traits\EnvironmentVariableProtection;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
+use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 class All extends Component
@@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ class All extends Component
 
     public string $view = 'normal';
 
+    public string $search = '';
+
     public bool $is_env_sorting_enabled = false;
 
     public bool $use_build_secrets = false;
@@ -35,6 +39,20 @@ class All extends Component
         'environmentVariableDeleted' => 'refreshEnvs',
     ];
 
+    public function updatedSearch(): void
+    {
+        $this->clearEnvironmentVariableCaches();
+    }
+
+    private function clearEnvironmentVariableCaches(): void
+    {
+        unset($this->environmentVariables);
+        unset($this->environmentVariablesPreview);
+        unset($this->hardcodedEnvironmentVariables);
+        unset($this->hardcodedEnvironmentVariablesPreview);
+        unset($this->hasEnvironmentVariables);
+    }
+
     public function mount()
     {
         $this->is_env_sorting_enabled = data_get($this->resource, 'settings.is_env_sorting_enabled', false);
@@ -65,8 +83,27 @@ class All extends Component
 
     public function getEnvironmentVariablesProperty()
     {
-        $query = $this->resource->environment_variables()
-            ->orderByRaw("CASE WHEN is_required = true AND (value IS NULL OR value = '') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END");
+        return $this->getEnvironmentVariables(false);
+    }
+
+    public function getEnvironmentVariablesPreviewProperty()
+    {
+        return $this->getEnvironmentVariables(true);
+    }
+
+    private function getEnvironmentVariables(bool $isPreview, bool $withSearch = true): Collection
+    {
+        $query = $isPreview
+            ? $this->resource->environment_variables_preview()
+            : $this->resource->environment_variables();
+
+        $query->orderByRaw("CASE WHEN is_required = true AND (value IS NULL OR value = '') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END");
+
+        if ($withSearch && $this->searchTerm() !== '') {
+            $escapedSearch = addcslashes(Str::lower($this->searchTerm()), '%_\\');
+
+            $query->whereRaw("LOWER(key) LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'", ['%'.$escapedSearch.'%']);
+        }
 
         if ($this->is_env_sorting_enabled) {
             $query->orderBy('key');
@@ -77,18 +114,22 @@ class All extends Component
         return $query->get();
     }
 
-    public function getEnvironmentVariablesPreviewProperty()
+    private function searchTerm(): string
     {
-        $query = $this->resource->environment_variables_preview()
-            ->orderByRaw("CASE WHEN is_required = true AND (value IS NULL OR value = '') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END");
+        return trim($this->search);
+    }
 
-        if ($this->is_env_sorting_enabled) {
-            $query->orderBy('key');
-        } else {
-            $query->orderBy('order');
-        }
+    public function getHasEnvironmentVariablesProperty(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->environmentVariables->isNotEmpty() ||
+            $this->environmentVariablesPreview->isNotEmpty() ||
+            $this->hardcodedEnvironmentVariables->isNotEmpty() ||
+            $this->hardcodedEnvironmentVariablesPreview->isNotEmpty();
+    }
 
-        return $query->get();
+    public function getIsSearchActiveProperty(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->searchTerm() !== '';
     }
 
     public function getHardcodedEnvironmentVariablesProperty()
@@ -138,6 +179,12 @@ class All extends Component
             return ! in_array($var['key'], $managedKeys);
         });
 
+        if ($this->searchTerm() !== '') {
+            $hardcodedVars = $hardcodedVars->filter(function ($var) {
+                return str($var['key'])->contains($this->searchTerm(), true);
+            });
+        }
+
         // Apply sorting based on is_env_sorting_enabled
         if ($this->is_env_sorting_enabled) {
             $hardcodedVars = $hardcodedVars->sortBy('key')->values();
@@ -149,9 +196,9 @@ class All extends Component
 
     public function getDevView()
     {
-        $this->variables = $this->formatEnvironmentVariables($this->environmentVariables);
+        $this->variables = $this->formatEnvironmentVariables($this->getEnvironmentVariables(false, false));
         if ($this->showPreview) {
-            $this->variablesPreview = $this->formatEnvironmentVariables($this->environmentVariablesPreview);
+            $this->variablesPreview = $this->formatEnvironmentVariables($this->getEnvironmentVariables(true, false));
         }
     }
 
@@ -282,9 +329,7 @@ class All extends Component
         $environment->order = $maxOrder + 1;
         $environment->save();
 
-        // Clear computed property cache to force refresh
-        unset($this->environmentVariables);
-        unset($this->environmentVariablesPreview);
+        $this->clearEnvironmentVariableCaches();
 
         $this->dispatch('success', 'Environment variable added.');
     }
@@ -413,9 +458,7 @@ class All extends Component
     public function refreshEnvs()
     {
         $this->resource->refresh();
-        // Clear computed property cache to force refresh
-        unset($this->environmentVariables);
-        unset($this->environmentVariablesPreview);
+        $this->clearEnvironmentVariableCaches();
         $this->getDevView();
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Project/Shared/ResourceDetails.php

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Project\Shared;
+
+use App\Models\Service;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class ResourceDetails extends Component
+{
+    use AuthorizesRequests;
+
+    public $resource;
+
+    public ?string $project_uuid = null;
+
+    public ?string $project_name = null;
+
+    public ?string $environment_uuid = null;
+
+    public ?string $environment_name = null;
+
+    public ?string $server_uuid = null;
+
+    public ?string $server_name = null;
+
+    public array $stack_applications = [];
+
+    public array $stack_databases = [];
+
+    public function mount()
+    {
+        $this->authorize('view', $this->resource);
+
+        $environment = $this->resource->environment ?? null;
+        if ($environment) {
+            $this->environment_uuid = $environment->uuid;
+            $this->environment_name = $environment->name;
+            $project = $environment->project ?? null;
+            if ($project) {
+                $this->project_uuid = $project->uuid;
+                $this->project_name = $project->name;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $server = $this->resolveServer();
+        if ($server) {
+            $this->server_uuid = $server->uuid;
+            $this->server_name = $server->name;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->resource instanceof Service) {
+            $this->stack_applications = $this->resource->applications
+                ->map(fn ($app) => [
+                    'name' => $app->human_name ?: $app->name,
+                    'uuid' => $app->uuid,
+                ])
+                ->values()
+                ->all();
+
+            $this->stack_databases = $this->resource->databases
+                ->map(fn ($db) => [
+                    'name' => $db->human_name ?: $db->name,
+                    'uuid' => $db->uuid,
+                ])
+                ->values()
+                ->all();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function resolveServer()
+    {
+        try {
+            if (isset($this->resource->destination) && $this->resource->destination && isset($this->resource->destination->server)) {
+                return $this->resource->destination->server;
+            }
+            if (method_exists($this->resource, 'server') && $this->resource->server) {
+                return $this->resource->server;
+            }
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.project.shared.resource-details');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Server/Charts.php

@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@
 
 namespace App\Livewire\Server;
 
+use App\Actions\Server\StartSentinel;
 use App\Models\Server;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 class Charts extends Component
 {
+    use AuthorizesRequests;
+
     public Server $server;
 
     public $chartId = 'server';
@@ -28,6 +32,29 @@ class Charts extends Component
         }
     }
 
+    public function toggleMetrics(): void
+    {
+        try {
+            $this->authorize('update', $this->server);
+            $this->server->settings->is_metrics_enabled = ! $this->server->settings->is_metrics_enabled;
+            $this->server->settings->save();
+            $this->server->refresh();
+
+            if ($this->server->isMetricsEnabled()) {
+                StartSentinel::run($this->server, true);
+                $this->dispatch('success', 'Metrics enabled. Starting Sentinel.');
+                $this->dispatch('refreshServerShow');
+                $this->redirect(route('server.metrics', ['server_uuid' => $this->server->uuid]), navigate: true);
+            } else {
+                $this->server->restartSentinel();
+                $this->dispatch('success', 'Metrics disabled. Restarting Sentinel.');
+                $this->dispatch('refreshServerShow');
+            }
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            handleError($e, $this);
+        }
+    }
+
     public function pollData()
     {
         if ($this->poll || $this->interval <= 10) {

app/Livewire/Server/New/ByIp.php

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class ByIp extends Component
             'name' => ValidationPatterns::nameRules(),
             'description' => ValidationPatterns::descriptionRules(),
             'ip' => ['required', 'string', new ValidServerIp],
-            'user' => ['required', 'string', 'regex:/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/'],
+            'user' => ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameRules(),
             'port' => 'required|integer|between:1,65535',
             'is_build_server' => 'required|boolean',
         ];
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ class ByIp extends Component
             'ip.string' => 'The IP Address/Domain must be a string.',
             'user.required' => 'The User field is required.',
             'user.string' => 'The User field must be a string.',
+            ...ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameMessages(),
             'port.required' => 'The Port field is required.',
             'port.integer' => 'The Port field must be an integer.',
             'port.between' => 'The Port field must be between 1 and 65535.',

app/Livewire/Server/Sentinel.php

@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ class Sentinel extends Component
 
     public Server $server;
 
-    public array $parameters = [];
-
     public bool $isMetricsEnabled;
 
     #[Validate(['required', 'string', 'max:500', 'regex:/\A[a-zA-Z0-9._\-+=\/]+\z/'])]
@@ -51,15 +49,9 @@ class Sentinel extends Component
         ];
     }
 
-    public function mount(string $server_uuid)
+    public function mount()
     {
-        try {
-            $this->server = Server::ownedByCurrentTeam()->whereUuid($server_uuid)->firstOrFail();
-            $this->parameters = get_route_parameters();
-            $this->syncData();
-        } catch (\Throwable) {
-            return redirect()->route('server.index');
-        }
+        $this->syncData();
     }
 
     public function syncData(bool $toModel = false)
@@ -112,27 +104,29 @@ class Sentinel extends Component
         }
     }
 
-    public function updatedIsSentinelEnabled($value)
+    public function toggleSentinel(): void
     {
         try {
             $this->authorize('manageSentinel', $this->server);
-            if ($value === true) {
+            if (! $this->isSentinelEnabled) {
                 if ($this->server->isBuildServer()) {
-                    $this->isSentinelEnabled = false;
                     $this->dispatch('error', 'Sentinel cannot be enabled on build servers.');
 
                     return;
                 }
+                $this->isSentinelEnabled = true;
                 $customImage = isDev() ? $this->sentinelCustomDockerImage : null;
                 StartSentinel::run($this->server, true, null, $customImage);
             } else {
+                $this->isSentinelEnabled = false;
                 $this->isMetricsEnabled = false;
                 $this->isSentinelDebugEnabled = false;
                 StopSentinel::dispatch($this->server);
             }
             $this->submit();
+            $this->dispatch('refreshServerShow');
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            return handleError($e, $this);
+            handleError($e, $this);
         }
     }
 

app/Livewire/Server/Sentinel/Logs.php

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Server\Sentinel;
+
+use App\Models\Server;
+use Illuminate\View\View;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class Logs extends Component
+{
+    public ?Server $server = null;
+
+    public array $parameters = [];
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        $this->parameters = get_route_parameters();
+        try {
+            $this->server = Server::ownedByCurrentTeam()->whereUuid(request()->server_uuid)->firstOrFail();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            handleError($e, $this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        return view('livewire.server.sentinel.logs');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Server/Sentinel/Show.php

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Server\Sentinel;
+
+use App\Models\Server;
+use Illuminate\View\View;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class Show extends Component
+{
+    public ?Server $server = null;
+
+    public array $parameters = [];
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        $this->parameters = get_route_parameters();
+        try {
+            $this->server = Server::ownedByCurrentTeam()->whereUuid(request()->server_uuid)->firstOrFail();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            handleError($e, $this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        return view('livewire.server.sentinel.show');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Server/Show.php

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class Show extends Component
             'name' => ValidationPatterns::nameRules(),
             'description' => ValidationPatterns::descriptionRules(),
             'ip' => ['required', new ValidServerIp],
-            'user' => ['required', 'regex:/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/'],
+            'user' => ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameRules(),
             'port' => 'required|integer|between:1,65535',
             'connectionTimeout' => 'required|integer|min:1|max:300',
             'validationLogs' => 'nullable',
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ class Show extends Component
             [
                 'ip.required' => 'The IP Address field is required.',
                 'user.required' => 'The User field is required.',
+                ...ValidationPatterns::serverUsernameMessages(),
                 'port.required' => 'The Port field is required.',
                 'connectionTimeout.required' => 'The SSH Connection Timeout field is required.',
                 'connectionTimeout.integer' => 'The SSH Connection Timeout must be an integer.',

app/Livewire/Settings/ScheduledJobs.php

@@ -8,6 +8,15 @@ use App\Models\ScheduledDatabaseBackupExecution;
 use App\Models\ScheduledTask;
 use App\Models\ScheduledTaskExecution;
 use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\ServiceDatabase;
+use App\Models\StandaloneClickhouse;
+use App\Models\StandaloneDragonfly;
+use App\Models\StandaloneKeydb;
+use App\Models\StandaloneMariadb;
+use App\Models\StandaloneMongodb;
+use App\Models\StandaloneMysql;
+use App\Models\StandalonePostgresql;
+use App\Models\StandaloneRedis;
 use App\Services\SchedulerLogParser;
 use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
@@ -125,7 +134,21 @@ class ScheduledJobs extends Component
             : collect();
 
         $backups = $backupIds->isNotEmpty()
-            ? ScheduledDatabaseBackup::with(['database.environment.project'])->whereIn('id', $backupIds)->get()->keyBy('id')
+            ? ScheduledDatabaseBackup::with('database')
+                ->whereIn('id', $backupIds)
+                ->get()
+                ->loadMorph('database', [
+                    ServiceDatabase::class => ['service.environment.project'],
+                    StandaloneClickhouse::class => ['environment.project'],
+                    StandaloneDragonfly::class => ['environment.project'],
+                    StandaloneKeydb::class => ['environment.project'],
+                    StandaloneMariadb::class => ['environment.project'],
+                    StandaloneMongodb::class => ['environment.project'],
+                    StandaloneMysql::class => ['environment.project'],
+                    StandalonePostgresql::class => ['environment.project'],
+                    StandaloneRedis::class => ['environment.project'],
+                ])
+                ->keyBy('id')
             : collect();
 
         $servers = $serverIds->isNotEmpty()
@@ -161,14 +184,29 @@ class ScheduledJobs extends Component
                 if ($backup) {
                     $database = $backup->database;
                     $skip['resource_name'] = $database?->name ?? 'Database backup';
-                    $environment = $database?->environment;
-                    $project = $environment?->project;
-                    if ($project && $environment && $database) {
-                        $skip['link'] = route('project.database.backup.index', [
-                            'project_uuid' => $project->uuid,
-                            'environment_uuid' => $environment->uuid,
-                            'database_uuid' => $database->uuid,
-                        ]);
+
+                    if ($database instanceof ServiceDatabase) {
+                        $service = $database->service;
+                        $environment = $service?->environment;
+                        $project = $environment?->project;
+                        if ($project && $environment && $service) {
+                            $skip['link'] = route('project.service.database.backups', [
+                                'project_uuid' => $project->uuid,
+                                'environment_uuid' => $environment->uuid,
+                                'service_uuid' => $service->uuid,
+                                'stack_service_uuid' => $database->uuid,
+                            ]);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        $environment = $database?->environment;
+                        $project = $environment?->project;
+                        if ($project && $environment && $database) {
+                            $skip['link'] = route('project.database.backup.index', [
+                                'project_uuid' => $project->uuid,
+                                'environment_uuid' => $environment->uuid,
+                                'database_uuid' => $database->uuid,
+                            ]);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             } elseif ($skip['type'] === 'docker_cleanup') {

app/Livewire/Source/Github/Change.php

@@ -210,6 +210,9 @@ class Change extends Component
 
             GithubAppPermissionJob::dispatchSync($this->github_app);
             $this->github_app->refresh()->makeVisible('client_secret')->makeVisible('webhook_secret');
+            $this->syncData(false);
+            $this->name = str($this->github_app->name)->kebab();
+
             $this->dispatch('success', 'Github App permissions updated.');
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {
             // Provide better error message for unsupported key formats

app/Livewire/Team/InviteLink.php

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class InviteLink extends Component
             if ($member_emails->contains($this->email)) {
                 return handleError(livewire: $this, customErrorMessage: "$this->email is already a member of ".currentTeam()->name.'.');
             }
-            $uuid = new Cuid2(32);
+            $uuid = (string) new Cuid2(32);
             $link = url('/').config('constants.invitation.link.base_url').$uuid;
             $user = User::whereEmail($this->email)->first();
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class InviteLink extends Component
                     'password' => Hash::make($password),
                     'force_password_reset' => true,
                 ]);
-                $token = Crypt::encryptString("{$user->email}@@@$password");
+                $token = Crypt::encryptString("{$user->email}@@@{$uuid}@@@{$password}");
                 $link = route('auth.link', ['token' => $token]);
             }
             $invitation = TeamInvitation::whereEmail($this->email)->first();

app/Models/Application.php

@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
         'config_hash',
         'last_online_at',
         'restart_count',
+        'max_restart_count',
         'last_restart_at',
         'last_restart_type',
         'uuid',
@@ -247,6 +248,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
             'manual_webhook_secret_bitbucket' => 'encrypted',
             'manual_webhook_secret_gitea' => 'encrypted',
             'restart_count' => 'integer',
+            'max_restart_count' => 'integer',
             'last_restart_at' => 'datetime',
         ];
     }
@@ -590,6 +592,15 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
         return null;
     }
 
+    public function stoppedAfterRestartLimit(): bool
+    {
+        return str($this->status)->startsWith('exited')
+            && ($this->restart_count ?? 0) > 0
+            && ($this->max_restart_count ?? 0) > 0
+            && $this->restart_count >= $this->max_restart_count
+            && $this->last_restart_type === 'crash';
+    }
+
     public function taskLink($task_uuid)
     {
         if (data_get($this, 'environment.project.uuid')) {
@@ -1367,6 +1378,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
         $branch = $this->git_branch;
         ['repository' => $customRepository, 'port' => $customPort] = $this->customRepository();
         $commands = collect([]);
+        $customSshKeyLocation = "/root/.ssh/id_rsa_coolify_{$deployment_uuid}";
         $base_command = 'git ls-remote';
 
         if ($this->deploymentType() === 'source') {
@@ -1420,19 +1432,20 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                     $private_key = base64_encode($private_key);
                     $gitlabPort = $gitlabSource->custom_port ?? 22;
                     $escapedCustomRepository = str_replace("'", "'\\''", $customRepository);
-                    $base_command = "GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$gitlabPort} -o Port={$gitlabPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa\" {$base_command} '{$escapedCustomRepository}'";
+                    $base_command = "GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$gitlabPort} -o Port={$gitlabPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i {$customSshKeyLocation} -o IdentitiesOnly=yes\" {$base_command} '{$escapedCustomRepository}'";
 
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
                         $commands = collect([
                             executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, 'mkdir -p /root/.ssh'),
-                            executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null"),
-                            executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, 'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa'),
+                            executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null"),
+                            executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}"),
                         ]);
                     } else {
                         $commands = collect([
+                            "trap 'rm -f {$customSshKeyLocation}' EXIT",
                             'mkdir -p /root/.ssh',
-                            "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null",
-                            'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa',
+                            "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null",
+                            "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}",
                         ]);
                     }
 
@@ -1478,19 +1491,20 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
             // When used with executeInDocker (which uses bash -c '...'), we need to escape for bash context
             // Replace ' with '\'' to safely escape within single-quoted bash strings
             $escapedCustomRepository = str_replace("'", "'\\''", $customRepository);
-            $base_command = "GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$customPort} -o Port={$customPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa\" {$base_command} '{$escapedCustomRepository}'";
+            $base_command = "GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$customPort} -o Port={$customPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i {$customSshKeyLocation} -o IdentitiesOnly=yes\" {$base_command} '{$escapedCustomRepository}'";
 
             if ($exec_in_docker) {
                 $commands = collect([
                     executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, 'mkdir -p /root/.ssh'),
-                    executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null"),
-                    executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, 'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa'),
+                    executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null"),
+                    executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}"),
                 ]);
             } else {
                 $commands = collect([
+                    "trap 'rm -f {$customSshKeyLocation}' EXIT",
                     'mkdir -p /root/.ssh',
-                    "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null",
-                    'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa',
+                    "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null",
+                    "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}",
                 ]);
             }
 
@@ -1526,11 +1540,34 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
         }
     }
 
+    private function withGitHttpTransportConfig(?string $gitConfigOptions = null): string
+    {
+        return trim(($gitConfigOptions ? "{$gitConfigOptions} " : '').'-c http.version=HTTP/1.1');
+    }
+
+    private function isHttpGitRepository(string $repository): bool
+    {
+        return str_starts_with($repository, 'https://') || str_starts_with($repository, 'http://');
+    }
+
+    private function applyGitConfigOptionsToCloneCommand(string $gitCloneCommand, string $gitConfigOptions): string
+    {
+        $configuredCommand = preg_replace(
+            "/^git(?:\s+-c\s+(?:'[^']*'|\S+))*\s+clone\b/",
+            "git {$gitConfigOptions} clone",
+            $gitCloneCommand,
+            1
+        );
+
+        return $configuredCommand ?: $gitCloneCommand;
+    }
+
     public function generateGitImportCommands(string $deployment_uuid, int $pull_request_id = 0, ?string $git_type = null, bool $exec_in_docker = true, bool $only_checkout = false, ?string $custom_base_dir = null, ?string $commit = null)
     {
         $branch = $this->git_branch;
         ['repository' => $customRepository, 'port' => $customPort] = $this->customRepository();
         $baseDir = $custom_base_dir ?? $this->generateBaseDir($deployment_uuid);
+        $customSshKeyLocation = "/root/.ssh/id_rsa_coolify_{$deployment_uuid}";
 
         // Escape shell arguments for safety to prevent command injection
         $escapedBranch = escapeshellarg($branch);
@@ -1568,8 +1605,10 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                     $fullRepoUrl = "{$this->source->html_url}/{$customRepository}";
                     $escapedRepoUrl = escapeshellarg("{$this->source->html_url}/{$customRepository}");
                     $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} {$escapedRepoUrl} {$escapedBaseDir}";
+                    $gitConfigOptions = $this->withGitHttpTransportConfig();
+                    $git_clone_command = $this->applyGitConfigOptionsToCloneCommand($git_clone_command, $gitConfigOptions);
                     if (! $only_checkout) {
-                        $git_clone_command = $this->setGitImportSettings($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command, public: true, commit: $commit);
+                        $git_clone_command = $this->setGitImportSettings($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command, public: true, commit: $commit, gitConfigOptions: $gitConfigOptions);
                     }
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
                         $commands->push(executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command));
@@ -1582,6 +1621,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
 
                     // Rewrite same-host HTTPS URLs only for these git commands so submodules can authenticate without persisting credentials.
                     $gitConfigOption = '-c '.escapeshellarg("url.{$source_html_url_scheme}://x-access-token:{$encodedToken}@{$source_html_url_host}/.insteadOf={$source_html_url_scheme}://{$source_html_url_host}/");
+                    $gitConfigOptions = $this->withGitHttpTransportConfig($gitConfigOption);
                     $git_clone_command = str_replace('git clone', "git {$gitConfigOption} clone", $git_clone_command);
 
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
@@ -1595,8 +1635,9 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                         $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} {$escapedRepoUrl} {$escapedBaseDir}";
                         $fullRepoUrl = $repoUrl;
                     }
+                    $git_clone_command = $this->applyGitConfigOptionsToCloneCommand($git_clone_command, $gitConfigOptions);
                     if (! $only_checkout) {
-                        $git_clone_command = $this->setGitImportSettings($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command, public: false, commit: $commit, gitConfigOptions: $gitConfigOption);
+                        $git_clone_command = $this->setGitImportSettings($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command, public: false, commit: $commit, gitConfigOptions: $gitConfigOptions);
                     }
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
                         $commands->push(executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command));
@@ -1607,12 +1648,13 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                 if ($pull_request_id !== 0) {
                     $branch = "pull/{$pull_request_id}/head:$pr_branch_name";
 
-                    $git_checkout_command = $this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, gitConfigOptions: $gitConfigOption ?? null);
+                    $git_checkout_command = $this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, gitConfigOptions: $gitConfigOptions ?? null);
+                    $gitCommand = isset($gitConfigOptions) ? "git {$gitConfigOptions}" : 'git';
                     $escapedPrBranch = escapeshellarg($branch);
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
-                        $commands->push(executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "cd {$escapedBaseDir} && git fetch origin {$escapedPrBranch} && $git_checkout_command"));
+                        $commands->push(executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "cd {$escapedBaseDir} && {$gitCommand} fetch origin {$escapedPrBranch} && $git_checkout_command"));
                     } else {
-                        $commands->push("cd {$escapedBaseDir} && git fetch origin {$escapedPrBranch} && $git_checkout_command");
+                        $commands->push("cd {$escapedBaseDir} && {$gitCommand} fetch origin {$escapedPrBranch} && $git_checkout_command");
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -1632,7 +1674,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                     $private_key = base64_encode($private_key);
                     $gitlabPort = $gitlabSource->custom_port ?? 22;
                     $escapedCustomRepository = escapeshellarg($customRepository);
-                    $gitlabSshCommand = "ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$gitlabPort} -o Port={$gitlabPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa";
+                    $gitlabSshCommand = "ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$gitlabPort} -o Port={$gitlabPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i {$customSshKeyLocation} -o IdentitiesOnly=yes";
                     $gitlabGitSshCommand = "GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$gitlabSshCommand}\"";
                     $git_clone_command_base = "{$gitlabGitSshCommand} {$git_clone_command} {$escapedCustomRepository} {$escapedBaseDir}";
                     if ($only_checkout) {
@@ -1643,14 +1685,15 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
                         $commands = collect([
                             executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, 'mkdir -p /root/.ssh'),
-                            executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null"),
-                            executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, 'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa'),
+                            executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null"),
+                            executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}"),
                         ]);
                     } else {
                         $commands = collect([
+                            "trap 'rm -f {$customSshKeyLocation}' EXIT",
                             'mkdir -p /root/.ssh',
-                            "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null",
-                            'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa',
+                            "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null",
+                            "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}",
                         ]);
                     }
 
@@ -1681,7 +1724,11 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                 $fullRepoUrl = $customRepository;
                 $escapedCustomRepository = escapeshellarg($customRepository);
                 $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} {$escapedCustomRepository} {$escapedBaseDir}";
-                $git_clone_command = $this->setGitImportSettings($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command, public: true, commit: $commit);
+                $gitConfigOptions = $this->isHttpGitRepository($customRepository) ? $this->withGitHttpTransportConfig() : null;
+                if ($gitConfigOptions) {
+                    $git_clone_command = $this->applyGitConfigOptionsToCloneCommand($git_clone_command, $gitConfigOptions);
+                }
+                $git_clone_command = $this->setGitImportSettings($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command, public: true, commit: $commit, gitConfigOptions: $gitConfigOptions);
 
                 if ($exec_in_docker) {
                     $commands->push(executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command));
@@ -1704,7 +1751,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
             }
             $private_key = base64_encode($private_key);
             $escapedCustomRepository = escapeshellarg($customRepository);
-            $deployKeySshCommand = "ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$customPort} -o Port={$customPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa";
+            $deployKeySshCommand = "ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$customPort} -o Port={$customPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i {$customSshKeyLocation} -o IdentitiesOnly=yes";
             $deployKeyGitSshCommand = "GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$deployKeySshCommand}\"";
             $git_clone_command_base = "{$deployKeyGitSshCommand} {$git_clone_command} {$escapedCustomRepository} {$escapedBaseDir}";
             if ($only_checkout) {
@@ -1715,14 +1762,15 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
             if ($exec_in_docker) {
                 $commands = collect([
                     executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, 'mkdir -p /root/.ssh'),
-                    executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null"),
-                    executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, 'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa'),
+                    executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null"),
+                    executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}"),
                 ]);
             } else {
                 $commands = collect([
+                    "trap 'rm -f {$customSshKeyLocation}' EXIT",
                     'mkdir -p /root/.ssh',
-                    "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee /root/.ssh/id_rsa > /dev/null",
-                    'chmod 600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa',
+                    "echo '{$private_key}' | base64 -d | tee {$customSshKeyLocation} > /dev/null",
+                    "chmod 600 {$customSshKeyLocation}",
                 ]);
             }
             if ($pull_request_id !== 0) {
@@ -1733,7 +1781,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                     } else {
                         $commands->push("echo 'Checking out $branch'");
                     }
-                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$deployKeySshCommand}\" git fetch origin $branch && ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, $deployKeySshCommand);
+                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && {$deployKeyGitSshCommand} git fetch origin $branch && ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, $deployKeySshCommand);
                 } elseif ($git_type === 'github' || $git_type === 'gitea') {
                     $branch = "pull/{$pull_request_id}/head:$pr_branch_name";
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
@@ -1741,14 +1789,14 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                     } else {
                         $commands->push("echo 'Checking out $branch'");
                     }
-                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$deployKeySshCommand}\" git fetch origin $branch && ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, $deployKeySshCommand);
+                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && {$deployKeyGitSshCommand} git fetch origin $branch && ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, $deployKeySshCommand);
                 } elseif ($git_type === 'bitbucket') {
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
                         $commands->push(executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo 'Checking out $branch'"));
                     } else {
                         $commands->push("echo 'Checking out $branch'");
                     }
-                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$deployKeySshCommand}\" ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($commit, $deployKeySshCommand);
+                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && {$deployKeyGitSshCommand} ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($commit, $deployKeySshCommand);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1768,10 +1816,15 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
             $fullRepoUrl = $customRepository;
             $escapedCustomRepository = escapeshellarg($customRepository);
             $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} {$escapedCustomRepository} {$escapedBaseDir}";
-            $git_clone_command = $this->setGitImportSettings($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command, public: true, commit: $commit);
+            $gitConfigOptions = $this->isHttpGitRepository($customRepository) ? $this->withGitHttpTransportConfig() : null;
+            if ($gitConfigOptions) {
+                $git_clone_command = $this->applyGitConfigOptionsToCloneCommand($git_clone_command, $gitConfigOptions);
+            }
+            $git_clone_command = $this->setGitImportSettings($deployment_uuid, $git_clone_command, public: true, commit: $commit, gitConfigOptions: $gitConfigOptions);
             $otherSshCommand = "ssh -o ConnectTimeout=30 -p {$customPort} -o Port={$customPort} -o LogLevel=ERROR -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa";
 
             if ($pull_request_id !== 0) {
+                $gitCommand = isset($gitConfigOptions) ? "git {$gitConfigOptions}" : 'git';
                 if ($git_type === 'gitlab') {
                     $branch = "merge-requests/{$pull_request_id}/head:$pr_branch_name";
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
@@ -1779,7 +1832,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                     } else {
                         $commands->push("echo 'Checking out $branch'");
                     }
-                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$otherSshCommand}\" git fetch origin $branch && ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, $otherSshCommand);
+                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$otherSshCommand}\" {$gitCommand} fetch origin $branch && ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, $otherSshCommand, $gitConfigOptions);
                 } elseif ($git_type === 'github' || $git_type === 'gitea') {
                     $branch = "pull/{$pull_request_id}/head:$pr_branch_name";
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
@@ -1787,14 +1840,14 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                     } else {
                         $commands->push("echo 'Checking out $branch'");
                     }
-                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$otherSshCommand}\" git fetch origin $branch && ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, $otherSshCommand);
+                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$otherSshCommand}\" {$gitCommand} fetch origin $branch && ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($pr_branch_name, $otherSshCommand, $gitConfigOptions);
                 } elseif ($git_type === 'bitbucket') {
                     if ($exec_in_docker) {
                         $commands->push(executeInDocker($deployment_uuid, "echo 'Checking out $branch'"));
                     } else {
                         $commands->push("echo 'Checking out $branch'");
                     }
-                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$otherSshCommand}\" ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($commit, $otherSshCommand);
+                    $git_clone_command = "{$git_clone_command} && cd {$escapedBaseDir} && GIT_SSH_COMMAND=\"{$otherSshCommand}\" ".$this->buildGitCheckoutCommand($commit, $otherSshCommand, $gitConfigOptions);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1893,7 +1946,8 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
             return;
         }
         $uuid = new Cuid2;
-        ['commands' => $cloneCommand] = $this->generateGitImportCommands(deployment_uuid: $uuid, only_checkout: true, exec_in_docker: false, custom_base_dir: '.');
+        ['commands' => $cloneCommand] = $this->generateGitImportCommands(deployment_uuid: $uuid, only_checkout: true, exec_in_docker: false, custom_base_dir: 'checkout');
+        $cloneCommand = str_replace(' clone ', ' clone --quiet ', $cloneCommand);
         $workdir = rtrim($this->base_directory, '/');
         $composeFile = $this->docker_compose_location;
         $fileList = collect([".$workdir$composeFile"]);
@@ -1923,6 +1977,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                 "mkdir -p /tmp/{$uuid}",
                 "cd /tmp/{$uuid}",
                 $cloneCommand,
+                'cd checkout',
                 'git sparse-checkout init',
                 "git sparse-checkout set {$fileList->implode(' ')}",
                 'git read-tree -mu HEAD',
@@ -1934,6 +1989,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
                 "mkdir -p /tmp/{$uuid}",
                 "cd /tmp/{$uuid}",
                 $cloneCommand,
+                'cd checkout',
                 'git sparse-checkout init --cone',
                 "git sparse-checkout set {$fileList->implode(' ')}",
                 'git read-tree -mu HEAD',
@@ -2366,7 +2422,7 @@ class Application extends BaseModel
             'config.build_pack' => 'required|string',
             'config.base_directory' => 'required|string',
             'config.publish_directory' => 'required|string',
-            'config.ports_exposes' => 'required|string',
+            'config.ports_exposes' => 'nullable|string',
             'config.settings.is_static' => 'required|boolean',
         ]);
         if ($deepValidator->fails()) {

app/Models/ApplicationDeploymentQueue.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Models;
 
+use App\Casts\EncryptedArrayCast;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Attribute;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
@@ -74,15 +75,25 @@ class ApplicationDeploymentQueue extends Model
         'finished_at',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * The configuration snapshot/diff hold full (decrypted on read) configuration,
+     * including unlocked environment variable values. They are only meant for the
+     * in-app diff modal (which redacts per role) and must never be serialized by the
+     * API, so hide them globally as defense in depth.
+     *
+     * @var array<int, string>
+     */
     protected $hidden = [
         'logs',
+        'configuration_snapshot',
+        'configuration_diff',
     ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'pull_request_id' => 'integer',
         'finished_at' => 'datetime',
-        'configuration_snapshot' => 'array',
-        'configuration_diff' => 'array',
+        'configuration_snapshot' => EncryptedArrayCast::class,
+        'configuration_diff' => EncryptedArrayCast::class,
     ];
 
     public function application()

app/Models/Server.php

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use App\Livewire\Server\Proxy;
 use App\Notifications\Server\Reachable;
 use App\Notifications\Server\Unreachable;
 use App\Services\ConfigurationRepository;
+use App\Support\ValidationPatterns;
 use App\Traits\ClearsGlobalSearchCache;
 use App\Traits\HasMetrics;
 use App\Traits\HasSafeStringAttribute;
@@ -955,10 +956,10 @@ $schema://$host {
     {
         return Attribute::make(
             get: function ($value) {
-                return preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9\-_]/', '', $value);
+                return preg_replace(ValidationPatterns::INVALID_SERVER_USERNAME_CHARACTERS_PATTERN, '', $value);
             },
             set: function ($value) {
-                return preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9\-_]/', '', $value);
+                return preg_replace(ValidationPatterns::INVALID_SERVER_USERNAME_CHARACTERS_PATTERN, '', $value);
             }
         );
     }

app/Models/Service.php

@@ -789,7 +789,8 @@ class Service extends BaseModel
                     }
                     $rpc_secret = $this->environment_variables()->where('key', 'GARAGE_RPC_SECRET')->first();
                     if (is_null($rpc_secret)) {
-                        $rpc_secret = $this->environment_variables()->where('key', 'SERVICE_HEX_32_RPCSECRET')->first();
+                        $rpc_secret = $this->environment_variables()->where('key', 'SERVICE_HEX_64_RPCSECRET')->first()
+                            ?? $this->environment_variables()->where('key', 'SERVICE_HEX_32_RPCSECRET')->first();
                     }
                     $metrics_token = $this->environment_variables()->where('key', 'GARAGE_METRICS_TOKEN')->first();
                     if (is_null($metrics_token)) {

app/Models/StandaloneDocker.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace App\Models;
 use App\Jobs\ConnectProxyToNetworksJob;
 use App\Support\ValidationPatterns;
 use App\Traits\HasSafeStringAttribute;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 
 class StandaloneDocker extends BaseModel
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ class StandaloneDocker extends BaseModel
         return $this->morphMany(Service::class, 'destination');
     }
 
-    public function databases()
+    public function databases(): Collection
     {
         $postgresqls = $this->postgresqls;
         $redis = $this->redis;

app/Notifications/Application/RestartLimitReached.php

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Notifications\Application;
+
+use App\Models\Application;
+use App\Notifications\CustomEmailNotification;
+use App\Notifications\Dto\DiscordMessage;
+use App\Notifications\Dto\PushoverMessage;
+use App\Notifications\Dto\SlackMessage;
+use Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage;
+
+class RestartLimitReached extends CustomEmailNotification
+{
+    public string $resource_name;
+
+    public string $project_uuid;
+
+    public string $environment_uuid;
+
+    public string $environment_name;
+
+    public ?string $resource_url = null;
+
+    public ?string $fqdn;
+
+    public int $restart_count;
+
+    public int $max_restart_count;
+
+    public function __construct(public Application $resource)
+    {
+        $this->onQueue('high');
+        $this->afterCommit();
+        $this->resource_name = data_get($resource, 'name');
+        $this->project_uuid = data_get($resource, 'environment.project.uuid');
+        $this->environment_uuid = data_get($resource, 'environment.uuid');
+        $this->environment_name = data_get($resource, 'environment.name');
+        $this->fqdn = data_get($resource, 'fqdn', null);
+        $this->restart_count = $resource->restart_count;
+        $this->max_restart_count = $resource->max_restart_count;
+        if (str($this->fqdn)->explode(',')->count() > 1) {
+            $this->fqdn = str($this->fqdn)->explode(',')->first();
+        }
+        $this->resource_url = $this->resource->link() ?? base_url()."/project/{$this->project_uuid}/environment/{$this->environment_uuid}/application/{$this->resource->uuid}";
+    }
+
+    public function via(object $notifiable): array
+    {
+        return $notifiable->getEnabledChannels('status_change');
+    }
+
+    public function toMail(): MailMessage
+    {
+        $mail = new MailMessage;
+        $mail->subject("Coolify: {$this->resource_name} stopped - restart limit reached ({$this->restart_count}/{$this->max_restart_count})");
+        $mail->view('emails.application-restart-limit-reached', [
+            'name' => $this->resource_name,
+            'fqdn' => $this->fqdn,
+            'resource_url' => $this->resource_url,
+            'restart_count' => $this->restart_count,
+            'max_restart_count' => $this->max_restart_count,
+        ]);
+
+        return $mail;
+    }
+
+    public function toDiscord(): DiscordMessage
+    {
+        return new DiscordMessage(
+            title: ':warning: Restart limit reached',
+            description: "{$this->resource_name} has been stopped after {$this->restart_count} restarts (limit: {$this->max_restart_count}).\n\n[Open Application in Coolify]({$this->resource_url})",
+            color: DiscordMessage::errorColor(),
+            isCritical: true,
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function toTelegram(): array
+    {
+        $message = "Coolify: {$this->resource_name} has been stopped after {$this->restart_count} restarts (limit: {$this->max_restart_count}).";
+
+        return [
+            'message' => $message,
+            'buttons' => [
+                [
+                    'text' => 'Open Application in Coolify',
+                    'url' => $this->resource_url,
+                ],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function toPushover(): PushoverMessage
+    {
+        $message = "{$this->resource_name} has been stopped after {$this->restart_count} restarts (limit: {$this->max_restart_count}).";
+
+        return new PushoverMessage(
+            title: 'Restart limit reached',
+            level: 'error',
+            message: $message,
+            buttons: [
+                [
+                    'text' => 'Open Application in Coolify',
+                    'url' => $this->resource_url,
+                ],
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function toSlack(): SlackMessage
+    {
+        $title = 'Restart limit reached';
+        $description = "{$this->resource_name} has been stopped after {$this->restart_count} restarts (limit: {$this->max_restart_count})";
+
+        $description .= "\n\n*Project:* ".data_get($this->resource, 'environment.project.name');
+        $description .= "\n*Environment:* {$this->environment_name}";
+        $description .= "\n*Application URL:* {$this->resource_url}";
+
+        return new SlackMessage(
+            title: $title,
+            description: $description,
+            color: SlackMessage::errorColor()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function toWebhook(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'success' => false,
+            'message' => 'Restart limit reached',
+            'event' => 'restart_limit_reached',
+            'application_name' => $this->resource_name,
+            'application_uuid' => $this->resource->uuid,
+            'restart_count' => $this->restart_count,
+            'max_restart_count' => $this->max_restart_count,
+            'url' => $this->resource_url,
+            'project' => data_get($this->resource, 'environment.project.name'),
+            'environment' => $this->environment_name,
+            'fqdn' => $this->fqdn,
+        ];
+    }
+}

app/Services/DeploymentConfiguration/ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot.php

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ namespace App\Services\DeploymentConfiguration;
 
 use App\Models\Application;
 use App\Models\EnvironmentVariable;
+use App\Services\DeploymentConfiguration\Concerns\SummarizesDiffText;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 
 class ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot
 {
+    use SummarizesDiffText;
+
     public const SCHEMA_VERSION = 1;
 
     public function __construct(protected Application $application) {}
@@ -115,12 +118,14 @@ class ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot
             $this->item('publish_directory', 'Publish directory', $this->application->publish_directory, 'build'),
             $this->item('install_command', 'Install command', $this->application->install_command, 'build'),
             $this->item('build_command', 'Build command', $this->application->build_command, 'build'),
-            $this->item('dockerfile', 'Dockerfile', $this->application->dockerfile, 'build', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->application->dockerfile)),
+            $this->item('dockerfile', 'Dockerfile', $this->application->dockerfile, 'build', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->application->dockerfile), displayFull: $this->application->dockerfile),
             $this->item('dockerfile_location', 'Dockerfile location', $this->application->dockerfile_location, 'build'),
             $this->item('dockerfile_target_build', 'Dockerfile target', $this->application->dockerfile_target_build, 'build'),
             $this->item('docker_compose_location', 'Docker Compose location', $this->application->docker_compose_location, 'build'),
-            $this->item('docker_compose', 'Docker Compose', $this->application->docker_compose, 'build', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->application->docker_compose)),
-            $this->item('docker_compose_raw', 'Raw Docker Compose', $this->application->docker_compose_raw, 'build', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->application->docker_compose_raw)),
+            // The generated docker_compose is intentionally excluded: it is re-rendered
+            // from git on every parse (resolved env, generated labels, deployment context),
+            // so comparing it would flag a permanent change for git-based compose apps.
+            $this->item('docker_compose_raw', 'Docker Compose', $this->application->docker_compose_raw, 'build', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->application->docker_compose_raw), displayFull: $this->application->docker_compose_raw, diffMode: 'lines'),
             $this->item('docker_compose_custom_build_command', 'Docker Compose custom build command', $this->application->docker_compose_custom_build_command, 'build'),
             $this->item('custom_docker_run_options', 'Custom Docker run options', $this->application->custom_docker_run_options, 'build'),
             $this->item('use_build_secrets', 'Use build secrets', data_get($this->application, 'settings.use_build_secrets'), 'build'),
@@ -162,9 +167,10 @@ class ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot
     {
         return [
             $this->item('fqdn', 'Domains', $this->application->fqdn, 'redeploy'),
+            $this->item('docker_compose_domains', 'Service domains', $this->decodedComposeDomains(), 'redeploy', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->composeDomainsText()), displayFull: $this->composeDomainsText(), diffMode: 'lines'),
             $this->item('redirect', 'Redirect', $this->application->redirect, 'redeploy'),
-            $this->item('custom_labels', 'Container labels', $this->application->custom_labels, 'redeploy', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->application->custom_labels)),
-            $this->item('custom_nginx_configuration', 'Custom Nginx configuration', $this->application->custom_nginx_configuration, 'redeploy', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->application->custom_nginx_configuration)),
+            $this->item('custom_labels', 'Container labels', $this->application->custom_labels, 'redeploy', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->decodeCustomLabels($this->application->custom_labels)), displayFull: $this->decodeCustomLabels($this->application->custom_labels), diffMode: 'lines'),
+            $this->item('custom_nginx_configuration', 'Custom Nginx configuration', $this->application->custom_nginx_configuration, 'redeploy', displayValue: $this->summarizeText($this->application->custom_nginx_configuration), displayFull: $this->application->custom_nginx_configuration),
             $this->item('is_force_https_enabled', 'Force HTTPS', data_get($this->application, 'settings.is_force_https_enabled'), 'redeploy'),
             $this->item('is_gzip_enabled', 'Gzip', data_get($this->application, 'settings.is_gzip_enabled'), 'redeploy'),
             $this->item('is_stripprefix_enabled', 'Strip prefix', data_get($this->application, 'settings.is_stripprefix_enabled'), 'redeploy'),
@@ -234,6 +240,7 @@ class ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot
     private function environmentItem(EnvironmentVariable $environmentVariable): array
     {
         $impact = $environmentVariable->is_buildtime ? 'build' : 'redeploy';
+        $locked = (bool) $environmentVariable->is_shown_once;
         $compareValue = [
             'value_hash' => $this->sensitiveHash($environmentVariable->value),
             'is_multiline' => $environmentVariable->is_multiline,
@@ -242,20 +249,62 @@ class ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot
             'is_runtime' => $environmentVariable->is_runtime,
         ];
 
+        // Locked (is_shown_once) variables are always redacted and never store a value.
+        if ($locked) {
+            return $this->item(
+                key: (string) $environmentVariable->key,
+                label: (string) $environmentVariable->key,
+                value: $compareValue,
+                impact: $impact,
+                sensitive: true,
+                displayValue: $this->environmentDisplayValue($environmentVariable),
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Unlocked variables expose their value so owners/admins can see the change.
+        // The compare value is pre-hashed (identical formula to the locked branch) so
+        // change detection stays stable and never carries the raw value; members are
+        // redacted at render time in ConfigurationChecker; the column is encrypted at rest.
+        // The value and each scope flag are rendered as their own line and diffed by line,
+        // so a change to one or more attributes shows exactly what changed (one line each).
+        $value = (string) $environmentVariable->value;
+
         return $this->item(
             key: (string) $environmentVariable->key,
             label: (string) $environmentVariable->key,
-            value: $compareValue,
+            value: $this->sensitiveHash($this->normalizeValue($compareValue)),
             impact: $impact,
-            sensitive: true,
-            displayValue: $this->environmentDisplayValue($environmentVariable),
+            sensitive: false,
+            displayValue: $this->summarizeText($value),
+            displayFull: $this->environmentLines($environmentVariable),
+            diffMode: 'lines',
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * One line per attribute so the line diff surfaces exactly which value/flags changed.
+     */
+    private function environmentLines(EnvironmentVariable $environmentVariable): string
+    {
+        $lines = collect();
+
+        $value = (string) $environmentVariable->value;
+        if (filled($value)) {
+            $lines->push($value);
+        }
+
+        $lines->push('Available at build: '.($environmentVariable->is_buildtime ? 'enabled' : 'disabled'));
+        $lines->push('Available at runtime: '.($environmentVariable->is_runtime ? 'enabled' : 'disabled'));
+        $lines->push('Multiline: '.($environmentVariable->is_multiline ? 'enabled' : 'disabled'));
+        $lines->push('Literal: '.($environmentVariable->is_literal ? 'enabled' : 'disabled'));
+
+        return $lines->implode("\n");
+    }
+
     /**
      * @return array<string, mixed>
      */
-    private function item(string $key, string $label, mixed $value, string $impact, bool $sensitive = false, mixed $displayValue = null): array
+    private function item(string $key, string $label, mixed $value, string $impact, bool $sensitive = false, mixed $displayValue = null, ?string $displayFull = null, string $diffMode = 'default'): array
     {
         $normalizedValue = $this->normalizeValue($value);
 
@@ -264,21 +313,28 @@ class ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot
             'label' => $label,
             'impact' => $impact,
             'sensitive' => $sensitive,
+            'diff_mode' => $diffMode,
             'compare_value' => $sensitive ? $this->sensitiveHash($normalizedValue) : $normalizedValue,
             'display_value' => $displayValue ?? $this->displayValue($normalizedValue),
+            'display_full' => $sensitive ? null : $this->expandableText($displayFull ?? $this->stringifyValue($normalizedValue)),
         ];
     }
 
     private function environmentDisplayValue(EnvironmentVariable $environmentVariable): string
     {
-        $flags = collect([
+        $flags = $this->environmentFlags($environmentVariable);
+
+        return $flags ? "Hidden ({$flags})" : 'Hidden';
+    }
+
+    private function environmentFlags(EnvironmentVariable $environmentVariable): string
+    {
+        return collect([
             $environmentVariable->is_buildtime ? 'build-time' : null,
             $environmentVariable->is_runtime ? 'runtime' : null,
             $environmentVariable->is_multiline ? 'multiline' : null,
             $environmentVariable->is_literal ? 'literal' : null,
         ])->filter()->implode(', ');
-
-        return $flags ? "Hidden ({$flags})" : 'Hidden';
     }
 
     private function sensitiveHash(mixed $value): string
@@ -320,6 +376,58 @@ class ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot
         return $this->summarizeText((string) $value);
     }
 
+    private function stringifyValue(mixed $value): ?string
+    {
+        if ($value === null || is_bool($value)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($value)) {
+            return json_encode($value, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+        }
+
+        return (string) $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, mixed>|null
+     */
+    private function decodedComposeDomains(): ?array
+    {
+        if (blank($this->application->docker_compose_domains)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $decoded = json_decode((string) $this->application->docker_compose_domains, true);
+
+        return is_array($decoded) ? $decoded : null;
+    }
+
+    private function composeDomainsText(): ?string
+    {
+        $decoded = $this->decodedComposeDomains();
+
+        if (blank($decoded)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return collect($decoded)
+            ->map(fn ($value, $service): string => $service.': '.(filled(data_get($value, 'domain')) ? data_get($value, 'domain') : '-'))
+            ->sort()
+            ->implode("\n");
+    }
+
+    private function decodeCustomLabels(?string $value): ?string
+    {
+        if (blank($value)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $decoded = base64_decode($value, true);
+
+        return $decoded === false ? $value : $decoded;
+    }
+
     private function summarizeText(?string $value): string
     {
         if (blank($value)) {
@@ -333,6 +441,6 @@ class ApplicationConfigurationSnapshot
             return str($value)->limit(80)." ({$lines} lines)";
         }
 
-        return str($value)->limit(120)->value();
+        return str($value)->limit(self::SINGLE_LINE_LIMIT)->value();
     }
 }

app/Services/DeploymentConfiguration/Concerns/SummarizesDiffText.php

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\DeploymentConfiguration\Concerns;
+
+trait SummarizesDiffText
+{
+    /**
+     * Maximum length of a single-line value before it is truncated/considered
+     * worth expanding. Kept as one constant so the snapshot summary and the
+     * differ's expand decision never drift apart.
+     */
+    private const SINGLE_LINE_LIMIT = 120;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value only when it is worth expanding (multi-line or longer
+     * than the single-line truncation limit). Otherwise null.
+     */
+    private function expandableText(?string $value): ?string
+    {
+        if (blank($value)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $value = trim((string) $value);
+
+        if (str_contains($value, "\n") || mb_strlen($value) > self::SINGLE_LINE_LIMIT) {
+            return $value;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}

app/Services/DeploymentConfiguration/ConfigurationDiff.php

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\DeploymentConfiguration;
 
-use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
-
 class ConfigurationDiff
 {
     /**
@@ -81,20 +79,6 @@ class ConfigurationDiff
         return $this->changes;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @return array<string, array{label: string, changes: array<int, array<string, mixed>>}>
-     */
-    public function groupedChanges(): array
-    {
-        return collect($this->changes)
-            ->groupBy('section')
-            ->map(fn (Collection $changes): array => [
-                'label' => (string) data_get($changes->first(), 'section_label', str((string) $changes->keys()->first())->headline()),
-                'changes' => $changes->values()->all(),
-            ])
-            ->all();
-    }
-
     /**
      * @return array{changed: bool, count: int, requires_build: bool, requires_redeploy: bool, legacy_fallback: bool, changes: array<int, array<string, mixed>>}
      */

app/Services/DeploymentConfiguration/ConfigurationDiffer.php

@@ -2,8 +2,21 @@
 
 namespace App\Services\DeploymentConfiguration;
 
+use App\Services\DeploymentConfiguration\Concerns\SummarizesDiffText;
+
 class ConfigurationDiffer
 {
+    use SummarizesDiffText;
+
+    /**
+     * Keys that must never be reported as changes. The generated docker_compose
+     * is re-rendered from git on every parse, so legacy snapshots that still
+     * contain it would otherwise flag a permanent change after it was dropped.
+     *
+     * @var array<int, string>
+     */
+    private const IGNORED_KEYS = ['build.docker_compose'];
+
     /**
      * @param  array<string, mixed>  $previousSnapshot
      * @param  array<string, mixed>  $currentSnapshot
@@ -16,6 +29,10 @@ class ConfigurationDiffer
         $changes = [];
 
         foreach ($keys as $key) {
+            if (in_array($key, self::IGNORED_KEYS, true)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             $previous = $previousItems[$key] ?? null;
             $current = $currentItems[$key] ?? null;
 
@@ -27,6 +44,37 @@ class ConfigurationDiffer
             $sensitive = (bool) data_get($item, 'sensitive', false);
             $type = $previous === null ? 'added' : ($current === null ? 'removed' : 'changed');
             $displaySummary = $sensitive && $type === 'changed' ? 'Changed' : null;
+            $diffMode = data_get($item, 'diff_mode', 'default');
+
+            $oldFull = null;
+            $newFull = null;
+
+            if ($sensitive) {
+                $oldDisplay = $previous === null ? '-' : '••••••••';
+                $newDisplay = $current === null ? '-' : '••••••••';
+            } elseif ($diffMode === 'lines' && $type === 'changed') {
+                [$oldDisplay, $newDisplay] = $this->changedLines(
+                    data_get($previous, 'display_full'),
+                    data_get($current, 'display_full'),
+                );
+
+                // No line-level difference (e.g. only reordering) — fall back to the summary.
+                if ($oldDisplay === '-' && $newDisplay === '-') {
+                    $oldDisplay = data_get($previous, 'display_value', '-');
+                    $newDisplay = data_get($current, 'display_value', '-');
+                }
+
+                // Expansion reveals the full changed lines, not the entire value.
+                $oldFull = $this->expandableText($oldDisplay);
+                $newFull = $this->expandableText($newDisplay);
+            } else {
+                $oldDisplay = data_get($previous, 'display_value', '-');
+                $newDisplay = data_get($current, 'display_value', '-');
+                $oldFull = data_get($previous, 'display_full');
+                $newFull = data_get($current, 'display_full');
+            }
+
+            $expandable = ! $sensitive && (filled($oldFull) || filled($newFull));
 
             $changes[] = [
                 'key' => $key,
@@ -37,14 +85,54 @@ class ConfigurationDiffer
                 'impact' => data_get($item, 'impact', 'redeploy'),
                 'sensitive' => $sensitive,
                 'display_summary' => $displaySummary,
-                'old_display_value' => $sensitive ? ($previous === null ? '-' : '••••••••') : data_get($previous, 'display_value', '-'),
-                'new_display_value' => $sensitive ? ($current === null ? '-' : '••••••••') : data_get($current, 'display_value', '-'),
+                'old_display_value' => $oldDisplay,
+                'new_display_value' => $newDisplay,
+                'old_full_value' => $oldFull,
+                'new_full_value' => $newFull,
+                'expandable' => $expandable,
             ];
         }
 
         return ConfigurationDiff::fromChanges($changes);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Reduce two multi-line values to only the lines that differ, so the modal
+     * shows just the changed container labels instead of the whole block.
+     *
+     * @return array{0: string, 1: string}
+     */
+    private function changedLines(?string $old, ?string $new): array
+    {
+        $oldLines = $this->textLines($old);
+        $newLines = $this->textLines($new);
+
+        $removed = array_values(array_diff($oldLines, $newLines));
+        $added = array_values(array_diff($newLines, $oldLines));
+
+        return [
+            $removed === [] ? '-' : implode("\n", $removed),
+            $added === [] ? '-' : implode("\n", $added),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    private function textLines(?string $value): array
+    {
+        if (blank($value)) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        // Keep leading indentation (meaningful for YAML/compose), drop trailing whitespace.
+        return collect(preg_split('/\r\n|\r|\n/', (string) $value))
+            ->map(fn (string $line): string => rtrim($line))
+            ->filter(fn (string $line): bool => trim($line) !== '')
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param  array<string, mixed>  $snapshot
      * @return array<string, array<string, mixed>>

app/Support/ValidationPatterns.php

@@ -35,6 +35,17 @@ class ValidationPatterns
      */
     public const DOCKER_TARGET_PATTERN = '/^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9._-]*$/';
 
+    /**
+     * Pattern for SSH usernames.
+     * Allows alphanumeric characters, dots, hyphens, and underscores.
+     */
+    public const SERVER_USERNAME_PATTERN = '/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$/';
+
+    /**
+     * Pattern for removing characters not allowed in SSH usernames.
+     */
+    public const INVALID_SERVER_USERNAME_CHARACTERS_PATTERN = '/[^A-Za-z0-9.\-_]/';
+
     /**
      * Token-aware pattern for shell-safe command strings (docker compose commands, docker run options).
      *
@@ -283,6 +294,28 @@ class ValidationPatterns
         return $rules;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get validation rules for SSH username fields.
+     */
+    public static function serverUsernameRules(bool $required = true): array
+    {
+        return [
+            $required ? 'required' : 'nullable',
+            'string',
+            'regex:'.self::SERVER_USERNAME_PATTERN,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get validation messages for SSH username fields.
+     */
+    public static function serverUsernameMessages(string $field = 'user', string $label = 'User'): array
+    {
+        return [
+            "{$field}.regex" => "The {$label} may only contain letters, numbers, dots, hyphens, and underscores.",
+        ];
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get validation messages for database identifier fields.
      */

app/Traits/SshRetryable.php

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ trait SshRetryable
             'Remote host closed connection',
             'Authentication failed',
             'Too many authentication failures',
+            'SSH command failed with exit code: 255',
         ];
 
         $lowerErrorOutput = strtolower($errorOutput);