diff --git a/cmd/migrate.go b/cmd/migrate.go
index c691f98a..0941f76d 100644
--- a/cmd/migrate.go
+++ b/cmd/migrate.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
 	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
@@ -38,9 +39,36 @@ func resolveMigrationsDir() string {
 	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(exe), "migrations")
 }
 
+// absoluteToFileURI formats an already-absolute path into an RFC 8089-compliant
+// file:// URL. golang-migrate's file source driver rejects Windows paths like
+// "file://F:\\project\\migrations" because "F" is parsed as the host and
+// ":\\..." as the port. The fix is shape-driven (presence of a drive-letter
+// colon at index 1), so no runtime.GOOS branch is needed — the same code is
+// correct for POSIX inputs ("/app/x" → "file:///app/x") and for Windows inputs
+// on any OS ("F:\\x" → "file:///F:/x"). strings.ReplaceAll covers the case
+// where a Windows path is seen on a non-Windows runner (filepath.ToSlash is a
+// no-op outside Windows).
+func absoluteToFileURI(abs string) string {
+	abs = strings.ReplaceAll(filepath.ToSlash(abs), `\`, `/`)
+	if len(abs) >= 2 && abs[1] == ':' {
+		abs = "/" + abs
+	}
+	return "file://" + abs
+}
+
+// migrationsSourceURL resolves dir to an absolute path and formats it for
+// golang-migrate's file source driver.
+func migrationsSourceURL(dir string) string {
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		abs = dir
+	}
+	return absoluteToFileURI(abs)
+}
+
 func newMigrator(dsn string) (*migrate.Migrate, error) {
 	dir := resolveMigrationsDir()
-	m, err := migrate.New("file://"+dir, dsn)
+	m, err := migrate.New(migrationsSourceURL(dir), dsn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create migrator: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/migrate_test.go b/cmd/migrate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b1d9676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/migrate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestAbsoluteToFileURI(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"posix absolute", "/app/migrations", "file:///app/migrations"},
+		// Windows drive-letter path with backslashes: the exact shape
+		// golang-migrate needs. Before the fix, "file://F:\\..." was parsed
+		// with "F" as host and ":\\..." as port → "invalid port" error.
+		{"windows backslash", `F:\project\goclaw\migrations`, "file:///F:/project/goclaw/migrations"},
+		{"windows mixed separators", `C:/already/forward`, "file:///C:/already/forward"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := absoluteToFileURI(c.in); got != c.want {
+				t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, c.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMigrationsSourceURLRelative verifies the helper resolves a relative
+// input via filepath.Abs before formatting — exact output depends on CWD,
+// so we only assert invariants that must hold on every runner.
+func TestMigrationsSourceURLRelative(t *testing.T) {
+	got := migrationsSourceURL("migrations")
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(got, "file://") {
+		t.Fatalf("missing file:// prefix: %q", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(filepath.ToSlash(got), "/migrations") {
+		t.Errorf("missing /migrations segment: %q", got)
+	}
+}