translation: Translate to Spanish (#2894)

* Translate Iterator pattern to Spanish * Translate to Spanish: Servant pattern Sharding pattern Spatial-partition pattern Special-case pattern specification pattern State pattern Strategy pattern Subclass-case pattern * Update language to es * Fixing Missing translation * Translate to Spanish: template method pattern throttling pattern trampoline pattern transaction-script pattern type object pattern Update method pattern visitor pattern * Fixing Missing translation
2026-10-13 18:15:41 +00:00 · 2024-04-09 20:16:21 +03:00
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+---
+title: Throttling
+category: Behavioral
+language: es
+tag:
+ - Performance
+ - Cloud distributed
+---
+
+## Propósito
+
+Garantizar que un cliente determinado no pueda acceder a los recursos del servicio más allá del límite asignado.
+
+## Explicación
+
+Ejemplo del mundo real
+
+> Un joven humano y un viejo enano entran en un bar. Empiezan a pedir cervezas al camarero.
+> El camarero se da cuenta inmediatamente de que el joven humano no debe consumir demasiadas bebidas demasiado rápido
+> y se niega a servir si no ha pasado suficiente tiempo. Para el viejo enano, el ritmo de servicio puede ser mayor.
+> ser mayor.
+
+En palabras sencillas
+
+> El patrón de Throttling se utiliza para limitar la velocidad de acceso a un recurso.
+
+[Microsoft documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/throttling) dice
+
+> Controlar el consumo de recursos utilizados por una instancia de una aplicación, un tenant individual,
+> o un servicio completo. Esto puede permitir que el sistema continúe funcionando y cumpla con los acuerdos de nivel de servicio, incluso cuando un aumento de la demanda impone una carga extrema sobre los recursos.
+
+**Ejemplo programático**
+
+La clase `BarCustomer` presenta los clientes de la API `Bartender`. La clase `CallsCount` registra el número de
+llamadas por `BarCustomer`.
+
+```java
+public class BarCustomer {
+
+    @Getter
+    private final String name;
+    @Getter
+    private final int allowedCallsPerSecond;
+
+    public BarCustomer(String name, int allowedCallsPerSecond, CallsCount callsCount) {
+        if (allowedCallsPerSecond < 0) {
+            throw new InvalidParameterException("Number of calls less than 0 not allowed");
+        }
+        this.name = name;
+        this.allowedCallsPerSecond = allowedCallsPerSecond;
+        callsCount.addTenant(name);
+    }
+}
+
+@Slf4j
+public final class CallsCount {
+  private final Map<String, AtomicLong> tenantCallsCount = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+  public void addTenant(String tenantName) {
+    tenantCallsCount.putIfAbsent(tenantName, new AtomicLong(0));
+  }
+
+  public void incrementCount(String tenantName) {
+    tenantCallsCount.get(tenantName).incrementAndGet();
+  }
+
+  public long getCount(String tenantName) {
+    return tenantCallsCount.get(tenantName).get();
+  }
+
+  public void reset() {
+    tenantCallsCount.replaceAll((k, v) -> new AtomicLong(0));
+    LOGGER.info("reset counters");
+  }
+}
+```
+
+A continuación, se introduce el servicio al que llaman los inquilinos. Para realizar un seguimiento del número de llamadas, se utiliza un temporizador de estrangulamiento.
+
+```java
+public interface Throttler {
+
+  void start();
+}
+
+public class ThrottleTimerImpl implements Throttler {
+
+  private final int throttlePeriod;
+  private final CallsCount callsCount;
+
+  public ThrottleTimerImpl(int throttlePeriod, CallsCount callsCount) {
+    this.throttlePeriod = throttlePeriod;
+    this.callsCount = callsCount;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void start() {
+    new Timer(true).schedule(new TimerTask() {
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        callsCount.reset();
+      }
+    }, 0, throttlePeriod);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+El `Bartender` ofrece el servicio `orderDrink` a los `BarCustomer`s. Los clientes probablemente no
+saben que la tasa de servicio de cerveza está limitada por su apariencia.
+
+```java
+class Bartender {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Bartender.class);
+    private final CallsCount callsCount;
+
+    public Bartender(Throttler timer, CallsCount callsCount) {
+        this.callsCount = callsCount;
+        timer.start();
+    }
+
+    public int orderDrink(BarCustomer barCustomer) {
+        var tenantName = barCustomer.getName();
+        var count = callsCount.getCount(tenantName);
+        if (count >= barCustomer.getAllowedCallsPerSecond()) {
+            LOGGER.error("I'm sorry {}, you've had enough for today!", tenantName);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        callsCount.incrementCount(tenantName);
+        LOGGER.debug("Serving beer to {} : [{} consumed] ", barCustomer.getName(), count+1);
+        return getRandomCustomerId();
+    }
+
+    private int getRandomCustomerId() {
+        return ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1, 10000);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Ahora es posible ver el ejemplo completo en acción. BarCustomer` el joven humano está limitado a 2
+llamadas por segundo y el viejo enano a 4.
+
+```java
+public static void main(String[] args) {
+    var callsCount = new CallsCount();
+    var human = new BarCustomer("young human", 2, callsCount);
+    var dwarf = new BarCustomer("dwarf soldier", 4, callsCount);
+
+    var executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
+
+    executorService.execute(() -> makeServiceCalls(human, callsCount));
+    executorService.execute(() -> makeServiceCalls(dwarf, callsCount));
+
+    executorService.shutdown();
+    try {
+        executorService.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        LOGGER.error("Executor service terminated: {}", e.getMessage());
+    }
+}
+
+private static void makeServiceCalls(BarCustomer barCustomer, CallsCount callsCount) {
+    var timer = new ThrottleTimerImpl(1000, callsCount);
+    var service = new Bartender(timer, callsCount);
+    // Sleep is introduced to keep the output in check and easy to view and analyze the results.
+    IntStream.range(0, 50).forEach(i -> {
+        service.orderDrink(barCustomer);
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(100);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Thread interrupted: {}", e.getMessage());
+        }
+    });
+}
+```
+
+Un extracto de la salida de consola del ejemplo:
+
+```
+18:46:36.218 [Timer-0] INFO com.iluwatar.throttling.CallsCount - reset counters
+18:46:36.218 [Timer-1] INFO com.iluwatar.throttling.CallsCount - reset counters
+18:46:36.242 [pool-1-thread-2] DEBUG com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - Serving beer to dwarf soldier : [1 consumed] 
+18:46:36.242 [pool-1-thread-1] DEBUG com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - Serving beer to young human : [1 consumed] 
+18:46:36.342 [pool-1-thread-2] DEBUG com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - Serving beer to dwarf soldier : [2 consumed] 
+18:46:36.342 [pool-1-thread-1] DEBUG com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - Serving beer to young human : [2 consumed] 
+18:46:36.443 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry young human, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.443 [pool-1-thread-2] DEBUG com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - Serving beer to dwarf soldier : [3 consumed] 
+18:46:36.544 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry young human, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.544 [pool-1-thread-2] DEBUG com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - Serving beer to dwarf soldier : [4 consumed] 
+18:46:36.645 [pool-1-thread-2] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry dwarf soldier, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.645 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry young human, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.745 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry young human, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.745 [pool-1-thread-2] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry dwarf soldier, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.846 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry young human, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.846 [pool-1-thread-2] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry dwarf soldier, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.947 [pool-1-thread-2] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry dwarf soldier, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:36.947 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry young human, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:37.048 [pool-1-thread-2] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry dwarf soldier, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:37.048 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry young human, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:37.148 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry young human, you've had enough for today!
+18:46:37.148 [pool-1-thread-2] ERROR com.iluwatar.throttling.Bartender - I'm sorry dwarf soldier, you've had enough for today!
+```
+
+## Diagrama de clases
+
+![alt text](./etc/throttling_urm.png "Throttling pattern class diagram")
+
+## Aplicabilidad
+
+El patrón Throttling debe utilizarse:
+
+* Cuando se necesita restringir el acceso al servicio para no tener un alto impacto en el rendimiento del mismo.
+* Cuando varios clientes consumen los mismos recursos del servicio y la restricción debe hacerse en función del uso por cliente.
+
+## Créditos
+
+* [Throttling pattern](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/throttling)
+* [Cloud Design Patterns: Prescriptive Architecture Guidance for Cloud Applications (Microsoft patterns & practices)](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00ITGHBBS/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B00ITGHBBS&linkId=12aacdd0cec04f372e7152689525631a)