From 9e74f6f959fce9ee382f68a96d140a643107dc2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tiennm99 <tiennm99@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2026 22:48:26 +0700
Subject: [PATCH] feat(wire): carry a word's senses on PlayedWord and
 GameStarted

`message Sense {pos, gloss}`; fields 7 and 9, wire-compatible; `wsapi.Dictionary` gains `Meanings`; looked up once per move.
---
 proto/noitu/v1/game.proto               |  16 ++
 proto/testdata/server_game_started.bin  |   5 +-
 proto/testdata/server_turn_update.bin   |   8 +-
 server/gen/noitu/v1/game.pb.go          | 261 ++++++++++++++++--------
 server/internal/wsapi/convert.go        |  19 +-
 server/internal/wsapi/convert_test.go   |   4 +-
 server/internal/wsapi/meanings_test.go  | 113 ++++++++++
 server/internal/wsapi/room.go           |  29 ++-
 server/internal/wsapi/wire_test.go      |   5 +
 server/internal/wsapi/wsapi_test.go     |  14 +-
 web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.d.ts |  43 ++++
 web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.js   |  35 ++--
 web/tests/game-wire.test.js             |  16 ++
 13 files changed, 450 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 server/internal/wsapi/meanings_test.go

diff --git a/proto/noitu/v1/game.proto b/proto/noitu/v1/game.proto
index f2350e9..9b51488 100644
--- a/proto/noitu/v1/game.proto
+++ b/proto/noitu/v1/game.proto
@@ -171,6 +171,20 @@ message PlayedWord {
   // the table the chain also has to say whose the other words were, and a seat
   // id says that without the client matching display names.
   string player_id = 6;
+  // What the word means, at most five senses. Empty when the dictionary has
+  // no definition for the word; the client then says so rather than hiding
+  // the row's panel, so every word in the chain behaves the same.
+  repeated Sense meanings = 7;
+}
+
+// Sense is one definition of a word as Wiktionary gives it: the part of
+// speech it sits under, in Vietnamese ("danh từ"), empty when the heading was
+// not one the builder knows, and the definition stripped of markup at at most
+// 200 characters. Plain text both: the client renders them as text, never as
+// markup.
+message Sense {
+  string pos = 1;
+  string gloss = 2;
 }
 
 // PlayerSlot is one seat in the room, rendered for one recipient.
@@ -235,6 +249,8 @@ message GameStarted {
   // Whose turn it is. my_turn above says whether it is yours; this says whose
   // it is when it is not, which a two-player game never had to.
   string turn_player_id = 8;
+  // The opening word's senses, as PlayedWord.meanings for a played word.
+  repeated Sense opening_meanings = 9;
 }
 
 // TurnUpdate follows every turn change and goes to every player, serialized
diff --git a/proto/testdata/server_game_started.bin b/proto/testdata/server_game_started.bin
index d9fc40d..b6289f8 100644
--- a/proto/testdata/server_game_started.bin
+++ b/proto/testdata/server_game_started.bin
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-"n
+"�

 
 hòa bìnhbình
 �����3(
0��
:
 p1Người chơi
 0
:
 p2Khách mời *(
0
:
-p3Khách 2 Bp1
\ No newline at end of file
+p3Khách 2 Bp1J4
+	danh từ'Tình trạng không có chiến tranh.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/proto/testdata/server_turn_update.bin b/proto/testdata/server_turn_update.bin
index 103971d..9a8c43a 100644
--- a/proto/testdata/server_turn_update.bin
+++ b/proto/testdata/server_turn_update.bin
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-*�

-
+*�

+h
 
-bình yên *	binh yên2p2yên
 �����3(@J
+bình yên *	binh yên2p2:6
+
+tính từ(Yên lành, không có gì xáo động.:
Xem bình an.yên
 �����3(@J
 p1Người chơi
 0
J
 p2Khách mời *(
0
J
 p3Khách 2 Rp3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/server/gen/noitu/v1/game.pb.go b/server/gen/noitu/v1/game.pb.go
index e1b9a38..53b2bd9 100644
--- a/server/gen/noitu/v1/game.pb.go
+++ b/server/gen/noitu/v1/game.pb.go
@@ -1084,7 +1084,11 @@ type PlayedWord struct {
 	// Which seat played it. by_me answers "was this mine"; with four people at
 	// the table the chain also has to say whose the other words were, and a seat
 	// id says that without the client matching display names.
-	PlayerId      string `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=player_id,json=playerId,proto3" json:"player_id,omitempty"`
+	PlayerId string `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=player_id,json=playerId,proto3" json:"player_id,omitempty"`
+	// What the word means, at most five senses. Empty when the dictionary has
+	// no definition for the word; the client then says so rather than hiding
+	// the row's panel, so every word in the chain behaves the same.
+	Meanings      []*Sense `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=meanings,proto3" json:"meanings,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -1161,6 +1165,70 @@ func (x *PlayedWord) GetPlayerId() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *PlayedWord) GetMeanings() []*Sense {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Meanings
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Sense is one definition of a word as Wiktionary gives it: the part of
+// speech it sits under, in Vietnamese ("danh từ"), empty when the heading was
+// not one the builder knows, and the definition stripped of markup at at most
+// 200 characters. Plain text both: the client renders them as text, never as
+// markup.
+type Sense struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Pos           string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=pos,proto3" json:"pos,omitempty"`
+	Gloss         string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=gloss,proto3" json:"gloss,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *Sense) Reset() {
+	*x = Sense{}
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *Sense) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*Sense) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *Sense) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use Sense.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*Sense) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
+}
+
+func (x *Sense) GetPos() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Pos
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *Sense) GetGloss() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Gloss
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 // PlayerSlot is one seat in the room, rendered for one recipient.
 //
 // The recipient's own row is in the list like everybody else's, marked by
@@ -1192,7 +1260,7 @@ type PlayerSlot struct {
 
 func (x *PlayerSlot) Reset() {
 	*x = PlayerSlot{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[16]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1204,7 +1272,7 @@ func (x *PlayerSlot) String() string {
 func (*PlayerSlot) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PlayerSlot) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[16]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1217,7 +1285,7 @@ func (x *PlayerSlot) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PlayerSlot.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PlayerSlot) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
 }
 
 func (x *PlayerSlot) GetPlayerId() string {
@@ -1294,7 +1362,7 @@ type PlayerScore struct {
 
 func (x *PlayerScore) Reset() {
 	*x = PlayerScore{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1306,7 +1374,7 @@ func (x *PlayerScore) String() string {
 func (*PlayerScore) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PlayerScore) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1319,7 +1387,7 @@ func (x *PlayerScore) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PlayerScore.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PlayerScore) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
 }
 
 func (x *PlayerScore) GetPlayerId() string {
@@ -1387,14 +1455,16 @@ type GameStarted struct {
 	Players []*PlayerScore `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=players,proto3" json:"players,omitempty"`
 	// Whose turn it is. my_turn above says whether it is yours; this says whose
 	// it is when it is not, which a two-player game never had to.
-	TurnPlayerId  string `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=turn_player_id,json=turnPlayerId,proto3" json:"turn_player_id,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	TurnPlayerId string `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=turn_player_id,json=turnPlayerId,proto3" json:"turn_player_id,omitempty"`
+	// The opening word's senses, as PlayedWord.meanings for a played word.
+	OpeningMeanings []*Sense `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=opening_meanings,json=openingMeanings,proto3" json:"opening_meanings,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields   protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache       protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *GameStarted) Reset() {
 	*x = GameStarted{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[17]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1406,7 +1476,7 @@ func (x *GameStarted) String() string {
 func (*GameStarted) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GameStarted) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[17]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1419,7 +1489,7 @@ func (x *GameStarted) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GameStarted.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GameStarted) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
 }
 
 func (x *GameStarted) GetOpeningWord() string {
@@ -1478,6 +1548,13 @@ func (x *GameStarted) GetTurnPlayerId() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *GameStarted) GetOpeningMeanings() []*Sense {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.OpeningMeanings
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // TurnUpdate follows every turn change and goes to every player, serialized
 // once per recipient so by_me and my_turn are correct for each.
 //
@@ -1501,7 +1578,7 @@ type TurnUpdate struct {
 
 func (x *TurnUpdate) Reset() {
 	*x = TurnUpdate{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1513,7 +1590,7 @@ func (x *TurnUpdate) String() string {
 func (*TurnUpdate) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *TurnUpdate) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1526,7 +1603,7 @@ func (x *TurnUpdate) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use TurnUpdate.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*TurnUpdate) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
 }
 
 func (x *TurnUpdate) GetPlayed() *PlayedWord {
@@ -1596,7 +1673,7 @@ type MoveRejected struct {
 
 func (x *MoveRejected) Reset() {
 	*x = MoveRejected{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1608,7 +1685,7 @@ func (x *MoveRejected) String() string {
 func (*MoveRejected) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *MoveRejected) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1621,7 +1698,7 @@ func (x *MoveRejected) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use MoveRejected.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*MoveRejected) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
 }
 
 func (x *MoveRejected) GetReason() RejectReason {
@@ -1663,7 +1740,7 @@ type GameOver struct {
 
 func (x *GameOver) Reset() {
 	*x = GameOver{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[21]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1675,7 +1752,7 @@ func (x *GameOver) String() string {
 func (*GameOver) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GameOver) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[21]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1688,7 +1765,7 @@ func (x *GameOver) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GameOver.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GameOver) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
 }
 
 func (x *GameOver) GetIWon() bool {
@@ -1739,7 +1816,7 @@ type PlayerEliminated struct {
 
 func (x *PlayerEliminated) Reset() {
 	*x = PlayerEliminated{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[22]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1751,7 +1828,7 @@ func (x *PlayerEliminated) String() string {
 func (*PlayerEliminated) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PlayerEliminated) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[22]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1764,7 +1841,7 @@ func (x *PlayerEliminated) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PlayerEliminated.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PlayerEliminated) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
 }
 
 func (x *PlayerEliminated) GetPlayerId() string {
@@ -1814,7 +1891,7 @@ type ServerError struct {
 
 func (x *ServerError) Reset() {
 	*x = ServerError{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[23]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1826,7 +1903,7 @@ func (x *ServerError) String() string {
 func (*ServerError) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ServerError) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[23]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1839,7 +1916,7 @@ func (x *ServerError) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ServerError.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ServerError) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
 }
 
 func (x *ServerError) GetCode() string {
@@ -1866,7 +1943,7 @@ type Pong struct {
 
 func (x *Pong) Reset() {
 	*x = Pong{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[24]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1878,7 +1955,7 @@ func (x *Pong) String() string {
 func (*Pong) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Pong) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[24]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1891,7 +1968,7 @@ func (x *Pong) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Pong.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Pong) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
 }
 
 func (x *Pong) GetClientTimeMs() int64 {
@@ -1942,7 +2019,7 @@ type RoomState struct {
 
 func (x *RoomState) Reset() {
 	*x = RoomState{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[24]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[25]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1954,7 +2031,7 @@ func (x *RoomState) String() string {
 func (*RoomState) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RoomState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[24]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[25]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1967,7 +2044,7 @@ func (x *RoomState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RoomState.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RoomState) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
 }
 
 func (x *RoomState) GetRoomCode() string {
@@ -2035,7 +2112,7 @@ type ChatMessage struct {
 
 func (x *ChatMessage) Reset() {
 	*x = ChatMessage{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[25]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[26]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2047,7 +2124,7 @@ func (x *ChatMessage) String() string {
 func (*ChatMessage) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ChatMessage) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[25]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[26]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2060,7 +2137,7 @@ func (x *ChatMessage) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ChatMessage.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ChatMessage) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
 }
 
 func (x *ChatMessage) GetFromMe() bool {
@@ -2114,7 +2191,7 @@ type ChatHistory struct {
 
 func (x *ChatHistory) Reset() {
 	*x = ChatHistory{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[27]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2126,7 +2203,7 @@ func (x *ChatHistory) String() string {
 func (*ChatHistory) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ChatHistory) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[27]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2139,7 +2216,7 @@ func (x *ChatHistory) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ChatHistory.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ChatHistory) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
 }
 
 func (x *ChatHistory) GetMessages() []*ChatMessage {
@@ -2171,7 +2248,7 @@ type ServerMessage struct {
 
 func (x *ServerMessage) Reset() {
 	*x = ServerMessage{}
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[28]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2183,7 +2260,7 @@ func (x *ServerMessage) String() string {
 func (*ServerMessage) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ServerMessage) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	mi := &file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[28]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2196,7 +2273,7 @@ func (x *ServerMessage) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ServerMessage.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ServerMessage) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
+	return file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
 }
 
 func (x *ServerMessage) GetPayload() isServerMessage_Payload {
@@ -2433,7 +2510,7 @@ const file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"session_id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\tsessionId\x12!\n" +
 	"\fresume_token\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\vresumeToken\x12)\n" +
 	"\x10protocol_version\x18\x03 \x01(\rR\x0fprotocolVersion\x12+\n" +
-	"\x11accepted_nickname\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x10acceptedNickname\"\x9e\x01\n" +
+	"\x11accepted_nickname\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x10acceptedNickname\"\xcb\x01\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"PlayedWord\x12\x12\n" +
 	"\x04word\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04word\x12\x13\n" +
@@ -2441,7 +2518,11 @@ const file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x06points\x18\x03 \x01(\rR\x06points\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\tsyllables\x18\x04 \x01(\rR\tsyllables\x12\x14\n" +
 	"\x05typed\x18\x05 \x01(\tR\x05typed\x12\x1b\n" +
-	"\tplayer_id\x18\x06 \x01(\tR\bplayerId\"\xb5\x01\n" +
+	"\tplayer_id\x18\x06 \x01(\tR\bplayerId\x12+\n" +
+	"\bmeanings\x18\a \x03(\v2\x0f.noitu.v1.SenseR\bmeanings\"/\n" +
+	"\x05Sense\x12\x10\n" +
+	"\x03pos\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x03pos\x12\x14\n" +
+	"\x05gloss\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x05gloss\"\xb5\x01\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"PlayerSlot\x12\x1b\n" +
 	"\tplayer_id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\bplayerId\x12\x12\n" +
@@ -2460,7 +2541,7 @@ const file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"eliminated\x18\x05 \x01(\bR\n" +
 	"eliminated\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\tconnected\x18\x06 \x01(\bR\tconnected\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04rank\x18\a \x01(\rR\x04rank\"\xb4\x02\n" +
+	"\x04rank\x18\a \x01(\rR\x04rank\"\xf0\x02\n" +
 	"\vGameStarted\x12!\n" +
 	"\fopening_word\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\vopeningWord\x12)\n" +
 	"\x10current_syllable\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x0fcurrentSyllable\x12\x17\n" +
@@ -2469,7 +2550,8 @@ const file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\bturn_seq\x18\x05 \x01(\rR\aturnSeq\x12\"\n" +
 	"\rturn_limit_ms\x18\x06 \x01(\rR\vturnLimitMs\x12/\n" +
 	"\aplayers\x18\a \x03(\v2\x15.noitu.v1.PlayerScoreR\aplayers\x12$\n" +
-	"\x0eturn_player_id\x18\b \x01(\tR\fturnPlayerId\"\xc9\x02\n" +
+	"\x0eturn_player_id\x18\b \x01(\tR\fturnPlayerId\x12:\n" +
+	"\x10opening_meanings\x18\t \x03(\v2\x0f.noitu.v1.SenseR\x0fopeningMeanings\"\xc9\x02\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"TurnUpdate\x12,\n" +
 	"\x06played\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x14.noitu.v1.PlayedWordR\x06played\x12)\n" +
@@ -2572,7 +2654,7 @@ func file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }
 
 var file_noitu_v1_game_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 3)
-var file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 28)
+var file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 29)
 var file_noitu_v1_game_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(Difficulty)(0),          // 0: noitu.v1.Difficulty
 	(RejectReason)(0),        // 1: noitu.v1.RejectReason
@@ -2592,19 +2674,20 @@ var file_noitu_v1_game_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*ClientMessage)(nil),    // 15: noitu.v1.ClientMessage
 	(*Welcome)(nil),          // 16: noitu.v1.Welcome
 	(*PlayedWord)(nil),       // 17: noitu.v1.PlayedWord
-	(*PlayerSlot)(nil),       // 18: noitu.v1.PlayerSlot
-	(*PlayerScore)(nil),      // 19: noitu.v1.PlayerScore
-	(*GameStarted)(nil),      // 20: noitu.v1.GameStarted
-	(*TurnUpdate)(nil),       // 21: noitu.v1.TurnUpdate
-	(*MoveRejected)(nil),     // 22: noitu.v1.MoveRejected
-	(*GameOver)(nil),         // 23: noitu.v1.GameOver
-	(*PlayerEliminated)(nil), // 24: noitu.v1.PlayerEliminated
-	(*ServerError)(nil),      // 25: noitu.v1.ServerError
-	(*Pong)(nil),             // 26: noitu.v1.Pong
-	(*RoomState)(nil),        // 27: noitu.v1.RoomState
-	(*ChatMessage)(nil),      // 28: noitu.v1.ChatMessage
-	(*ChatHistory)(nil),      // 29: noitu.v1.ChatHistory
-	(*ServerMessage)(nil),    // 30: noitu.v1.ServerMessage
+	(*Sense)(nil),            // 18: noitu.v1.Sense
+	(*PlayerSlot)(nil),       // 19: noitu.v1.PlayerSlot
+	(*PlayerScore)(nil),      // 20: noitu.v1.PlayerScore
+	(*GameStarted)(nil),      // 21: noitu.v1.GameStarted
+	(*TurnUpdate)(nil),       // 22: noitu.v1.TurnUpdate
+	(*MoveRejected)(nil),     // 23: noitu.v1.MoveRejected
+	(*GameOver)(nil),         // 24: noitu.v1.GameOver
+	(*PlayerEliminated)(nil), // 25: noitu.v1.PlayerEliminated
+	(*ServerError)(nil),      // 26: noitu.v1.ServerError
+	(*Pong)(nil),             // 27: noitu.v1.Pong
+	(*RoomState)(nil),        // 28: noitu.v1.RoomState
+	(*ChatMessage)(nil),      // 29: noitu.v1.ChatMessage
+	(*ChatHistory)(nil),      // 30: noitu.v1.ChatHistory
+	(*ServerMessage)(nil),    // 31: noitu.v1.ServerMessage
 }
 var file_noitu_v1_game_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	0,  // 0: noitu.v1.StartBotGame.difficulty:type_name -> noitu.v1.Difficulty
@@ -2620,31 +2703,33 @@ var file_noitu_v1_game_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	11, // 10: noitu.v1.ClientMessage.kick_player:type_name -> noitu.v1.KickPlayer
 	12, // 11: noitu.v1.ClientMessage.leave_room:type_name -> noitu.v1.LeaveRoom
 	13, // 12: noitu.v1.ClientMessage.send_chat:type_name -> noitu.v1.SendChat
-	19, // 13: noitu.v1.GameStarted.players:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerScore
-	17, // 14: noitu.v1.TurnUpdate.played:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayedWord
-	19, // 15: noitu.v1.TurnUpdate.players:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerScore
-	1,  // 16: noitu.v1.MoveRejected.reason:type_name -> noitu.v1.RejectReason
-	2,  // 17: noitu.v1.GameOver.reason:type_name -> noitu.v1.GameEndReason
-	19, // 18: noitu.v1.GameOver.standings:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerScore
-	2,  // 19: noitu.v1.PlayerEliminated.reason:type_name -> noitu.v1.GameEndReason
-	18, // 20: noitu.v1.RoomState.players:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerSlot
-	28, // 21: noitu.v1.ChatHistory.messages:type_name -> noitu.v1.ChatMessage
-	16, // 22: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.welcome:type_name -> noitu.v1.Welcome
-	20, // 23: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.game_started:type_name -> noitu.v1.GameStarted
-	21, // 24: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.turn_update:type_name -> noitu.v1.TurnUpdate
-	22, // 25: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.move_rejected:type_name -> noitu.v1.MoveRejected
-	23, // 26: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.game_over:type_name -> noitu.v1.GameOver
-	25, // 27: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.error:type_name -> noitu.v1.ServerError
-	26, // 28: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.pong:type_name -> noitu.v1.Pong
-	27, // 29: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.room_state:type_name -> noitu.v1.RoomState
-	28, // 30: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.chat_message:type_name -> noitu.v1.ChatMessage
-	29, // 31: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.chat_history:type_name -> noitu.v1.ChatHistory
-	24, // 32: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.player_eliminated:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerEliminated
-	33, // [33:33] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	33, // [33:33] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	33, // [33:33] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	33, // [33:33] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:33] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	18, // 13: noitu.v1.PlayedWord.meanings:type_name -> noitu.v1.Sense
+	20, // 14: noitu.v1.GameStarted.players:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerScore
+	18, // 15: noitu.v1.GameStarted.opening_meanings:type_name -> noitu.v1.Sense
+	17, // 16: noitu.v1.TurnUpdate.played:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayedWord
+	20, // 17: noitu.v1.TurnUpdate.players:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerScore
+	1,  // 18: noitu.v1.MoveRejected.reason:type_name -> noitu.v1.RejectReason
+	2,  // 19: noitu.v1.GameOver.reason:type_name -> noitu.v1.GameEndReason
+	20, // 20: noitu.v1.GameOver.standings:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerScore
+	2,  // 21: noitu.v1.PlayerEliminated.reason:type_name -> noitu.v1.GameEndReason
+	19, // 22: noitu.v1.RoomState.players:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerSlot
+	29, // 23: noitu.v1.ChatHistory.messages:type_name -> noitu.v1.ChatMessage
+	16, // 24: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.welcome:type_name -> noitu.v1.Welcome
+	21, // 25: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.game_started:type_name -> noitu.v1.GameStarted
+	22, // 26: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.turn_update:type_name -> noitu.v1.TurnUpdate
+	23, // 27: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.move_rejected:type_name -> noitu.v1.MoveRejected
+	24, // 28: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.game_over:type_name -> noitu.v1.GameOver
+	26, // 29: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.error:type_name -> noitu.v1.ServerError
+	27, // 30: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.pong:type_name -> noitu.v1.Pong
+	28, // 31: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.room_state:type_name -> noitu.v1.RoomState
+	29, // 32: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.chat_message:type_name -> noitu.v1.ChatMessage
+	30, // 33: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.chat_history:type_name -> noitu.v1.ChatHistory
+	25, // 34: noitu.v1.ServerMessage.player_eliminated:type_name -> noitu.v1.PlayerEliminated
+	35, // [35:35] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	35, // [35:35] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	35, // [35:35] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	35, // [35:35] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:35] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_noitu_v1_game_proto_init() }
@@ -2666,7 +2751,7 @@ func file_noitu_v1_game_proto_init() {
 		(*ClientMessage_LeaveRoom)(nil),
 		(*ClientMessage_SendChat)(nil),
 	}
-	file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[27].OneofWrappers = []any{
+	file_noitu_v1_game_proto_msgTypes[28].OneofWrappers = []any{
 		(*ServerMessage_Welcome)(nil),
 		(*ServerMessage_GameStarted)(nil),
 		(*ServerMessage_TurnUpdate)(nil),
@@ -2685,7 +2770,7 @@ func file_noitu_v1_game_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDesc), len(file_noitu_v1_game_proto_rawDesc)),
 			NumEnums:      3,
-			NumMessages:   28,
+			NumMessages:   29,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   0,
 		},
diff --git a/server/internal/wsapi/convert.go b/server/internal/wsapi/convert.go
index ac938f4..643cf2f 100644
--- a/server/internal/wsapi/convert.go
+++ b/server/internal/wsapi/convert.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	noituv1 "github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/gen/noitu/v1"
 	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/bot"
+	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/dictionary"
 	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/game"
 )
 
@@ -100,13 +101,27 @@ func Difficulty(d noituv1.Difficulty) (bot.Difficulty, bool) {
 //
 // byMe is the caller's business: the same move is sent to both players and
 // only this flag differs, so the room serializes one message per player rather
-// than broadcasting a single shared frame.
-func PlayedWord(m game.Move, byMe bool) *noituv1.PlayedWord {
+// than broadcasting a single shared frame. meanings is the word's senses from
+// the dictionary, the same for every recipient; the room looks them up once
+// per move and passes them in.
+func PlayedWord(m game.Move, byMe bool, meanings []dictionary.Sense) *noituv1.PlayedWord {
 	return &noituv1.PlayedWord{
 		Word:      m.Word,
 		Typed:     m.Typed,
 		ByMe:      byMe,
 		Points:    uint32(m.Points),
 		Syllables: uint32(m.Syllables),
+		Meanings:  Senses(meanings),
 	}
 }
+
+// Senses renders a word's dictionary senses for the wire. A word with none
+// yields an empty list, which the client shows as "no meaning yet" rather than
+// as a row without a panel.
+func Senses(senses []dictionary.Sense) []*noituv1.Sense {
+	out := make([]*noituv1.Sense, 0, len(senses))
+	for _, s := range senses {
+		out = append(out, &noituv1.Sense{Pos: s.Pos, Gloss: s.Gloss})
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/server/internal/wsapi/convert_test.go b/server/internal/wsapi/convert_test.go
index b72fba8..f65d4a9 100644
--- a/server/internal/wsapi/convert_test.go
+++ b/server/internal/wsapi/convert_test.go
@@ -172,14 +172,14 @@ func TestDifficultyMapping(t *testing.T) {
 func TestPlayedWordKeepsTypedInput(t *testing.T) {
 	m := game.Move{Word: "hòa bình", Typed: "hoà bình", Syllables: 2, Points: 2}
 
-	mine := PlayedWord(m, true)
+	mine := PlayedWord(m, true, nil)
 	if mine.GetWord() != "hòa bình" || mine.GetTyped() != "hoà bình" {
 		t.Errorf("canonical/typed pair lost: word=%q typed=%q", mine.GetWord(), mine.GetTyped())
 	}
 	if !mine.GetByMe() || mine.GetSyllables() != 2 || mine.GetPoints() != 2 {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected rendering: %+v", mine)
 	}
-	if theirs := PlayedWord(m, false); theirs.GetByMe() {
+	if theirs := PlayedWord(m, false, nil); theirs.GetByMe() {
 		t.Error("by_me must be false for the opponent's copy of the same move")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/server/internal/wsapi/meanings_test.go b/server/internal/wsapi/meanings_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f26d0bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/internal/wsapi/meanings_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package wsapi
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+
+	noituv1 "github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/gen/noitu/v1"
+)
+
+// definedChainDict is the forced chain with a meaning on the opening word and
+// on the human's first reply, and none on the rest: both shapes must cross
+// the wire, because the client shows a panel for every word.
+func definedChainDict() *testDict {
+	return chainDict().
+		define("a b", "danh từ", "Từ mở đầu.").
+		define("b c", "động từ", "Nối tiếp.").
+		define("b c", "", "Nghĩa thứ hai.")
+}
+
+func assertSenses(t *testing.T, got []*noituv1.Sense, want ...[2]string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d senses %v, want %d", len(got), got, len(want))
+	}
+	for i, w := range want {
+		if got[i].GetPos() != w[0] || got[i].GetGloss() != w[1] {
+			t.Errorf("sense %d = (%q, %q), want (%q, %q)", i, got[i].GetPos(), got[i].GetGloss(), w[0], w[1])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBotGameCarriesMeanings checks the two messages that introduce a word to
+// the client: the opening in GameStarted and each move in TurnUpdate, for a
+// word with senses and for one without.
+func TestBotGameCarriesMeanings(t *testing.T) {
+	_, url := newTestServer(t, definedChainDict(), Config{})
+	c := dial(t, url)
+	c.hello("Ăn")
+
+	c.send(&noituv1.ClientMessage{Payload: &noituv1.ClientMessage_StartBotGame{
+		StartBotGame: &noituv1.StartBotGame{Difficulty: noituv1.Difficulty_DIFFICULTY_EASY},
+	}})
+	started := c.await("game_started").GetGameStarted()
+	assertSenses(t, started.GetOpeningMeanings(), [2]string{"danh từ", "Từ mở đầu."})
+
+	c.submit("b c", started.GetTurnSeq())
+	own := c.await("turn_update").GetTurnUpdate()
+	if !own.GetPlayed().GetByMe() {
+		t.Fatal("first update should be the player's own move")
+	}
+	assertSenses(t, own.GetPlayed().GetMeanings(), [2]string{"động từ", "Nối tiếp."}, [2]string{"", "Nghĩa thứ hai."})
+
+	// The bot's only move, "c d", has no definition: an empty list, not a
+	// missing message.
+	reply := c.await("turn_update").GetTurnUpdate()
+	if reply.GetPlayed().GetWord() != "c d" {
+		t.Fatalf("bot played %q, want c d", reply.GetPlayed().GetWord())
+	}
+	if n := len(reply.GetPlayed().GetMeanings()); n != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("a word without a definition carried %d senses", n)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestResumeReplaysMeanings drops a player after a move and checks that the
+// replayed opening and last move both carry their senses, with no code path
+// of their own.
+func TestResumeReplaysMeanings(t *testing.T) {
+	_, url := newTestServer(t, definedChainDict(), Config{TurnLimit: 10 * time.Second, GraceFor: 5 * time.Second})
+
+	host := dial(t, url)
+	welcome := host.hello("Chủ phòng")
+	host.send(&noituv1.ClientMessage{Payload: &noituv1.ClientMessage_CreateRoom{CreateRoom: &noituv1.CreateRoom{}}})
+	code := host.await("room_state").GetRoomState().GetRoomCode()
+
+	guest := dial(t, url)
+	guest.hello("Khách")
+	guest.send(&noituv1.ClientMessage{Payload: &noituv1.ClientMessage_JoinRoom{
+		JoinRoom: &noituv1.JoinRoom{RoomCode: code},
+	}})
+	readyAndStart(t, host, guest)
+	hostStart := host.await("game_started").GetGameStarted()
+	guest.await("game_started")
+
+	// Whoever was dealt the turn plays the only legal word.
+	lead := guest
+	if hostStart.GetMyTurn() {
+		lead = host
+	}
+	lead.submit("b c", hostStart.GetTurnSeq())
+	host.await("turn_update")
+	guest.await("turn_update")
+
+	_ = host.conn.Close(websocket.StatusGoingAway, "")
+	guest.await("room_state")
+
+	back := dial(t, url)
+	back.send(&noituv1.ClientMessage{Payload: &noituv1.ClientMessage_Hello{Hello: &noituv1.Hello{
+		ProtocolVersion: ProtocolVersion,
+		Nickname:        "Chủ phòng",
+		ResumeToken:     welcome.GetResumeToken(),
+	}}})
+	back.await("welcome")
+
+	restored := back.await("game_started").GetGameStarted()
+	assertSenses(t, restored.GetOpeningMeanings(), [2]string{"danh từ", "Từ mở đầu."})
+	replayed := back.await("turn_update").GetTurnUpdate()
+	if replayed.GetPlayed().GetWord() != "b c" {
+		t.Fatalf("replayed move = %q, want b c", replayed.GetPlayed().GetWord())
+	}
+	assertSenses(t, replayed.GetPlayed().GetMeanings(), [2]string{"động từ", "Nối tiếp."}, [2]string{"", "Nghĩa thứ hai."})
+}
diff --git a/server/internal/wsapi/room.go b/server/internal/wsapi/room.go
index 03d5151..a7f0b10 100644
--- a/server/internal/wsapi/room.go
+++ b/server/internal/wsapi/room.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 	noituv1 "github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/gen/noitu/v1"
 	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/bot"
+	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/dictionary"
 	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/game"
 )
 
@@ -259,7 +260,9 @@ type room struct {
 }
 
 // Dictionary is everything the transport layer needs from the wordlist: the
-// engine's own contract, plus a way to pick an opening.
+// engine's own contract, a way to pick an opening, and the meanings a word
+// travels to the client with. The engine never sees a meaning; only the room
+// attaches them, where it renders a word for a recipient.
 //
 // An interface rather than *dictionary.Store so a test can play a whole game
 // against a hand-built graph of a dozen words, where the expected outcome is
@@ -268,6 +271,8 @@ type room struct {
 type Dictionary interface {
 	game.Dictionary
 	RandomOpeningWord(minOutDegree int) (string, error)
+	// Meanings returns a canonical word's senses in order, nil for none.
+	Meanings(word string) []dictionary.Sense
 }
 
 func newRoom(h *hub, code string, turnLimit, graceFor, idleFor time.Duration) *room {
@@ -749,6 +754,7 @@ func (r *room) sendGameStarted(s *seat, state game.State) {
 	s.sess.send(&noituv1.ServerMessage{Payload: &noituv1.ServerMessage_GameStarted{
 		GameStarted: &noituv1.GameStarted{
 			OpeningWord:     r.opening,
+			OpeningMeanings: Senses(r.dict.Meanings(r.opening)),
 			CurrentSyllable: state.Current,
 			MyTurn:          state.Turn == s.id,
 			DeadlineUnixMs:  state.Deadline.UnixMilli(),
@@ -879,14 +885,25 @@ func (r *room) maybeScheduleBot() {
 // new player to act.
 func (r *room) broadcastTurn(move *game.Move) {
 	state := r.engine.Snapshot()
+	meanings := r.moveMeanings(move)
 	for _, s := range r.seats {
-		r.sendTurnUpdate(s, state, move)
+		r.sendTurnUpdate(s, state, move, meanings)
 	}
 }
 
+// moveMeanings looks up a played word's senses once per move; they are the
+// same for every recipient. nil for no move.
+func (r *room) moveMeanings(move *game.Move) []dictionary.Sense {
+	if move == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return r.dict.Meanings(move.Word)
+}
+
 // sendTurnUpdate renders one position for one seat. by_me, my_turn and is_me
-// are all per-recipient, which is why there is no single shared frame.
-func (r *room) sendTurnUpdate(s *seat, state game.State, move *game.Move) {
+// are all per-recipient, which is why there is no single shared frame; the
+// move's meanings are not, and arrive looked up.
+func (r *room) sendTurnUpdate(s *seat, state game.State, move *game.Move, meanings []dictionary.Sense) {
 	if s == nil || s.sess == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -900,7 +917,7 @@ func (r *room) sendTurnUpdate(s *seat, state game.State, move *game.Move) {
 		TurnPlayerId:    string(state.Turn),
 	}
 	if move != nil {
-		update.Played = PlayedWord(*move, move.Player == s.id)
+		update.Played = PlayedWord(*move, move.Player == s.id, meanings)
 	}
 	s.sess.send(&noituv1.ServerMessage{Payload: &noituv1.ServerMessage_TurnUpdate{TurnUpdate: update}})
 }
@@ -1191,7 +1208,7 @@ func (r *room) handleResume(m resumeInput) {
 	r.sendGameStarted(s, state)
 	if len(state.History) > 0 {
 		last := state.History[len(state.History)-1]
-		r.sendTurnUpdate(s, state, &last)
+		r.sendTurnUpdate(s, state, &last, r.moveMeanings(&last))
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/server/internal/wsapi/wire_test.go b/server/internal/wsapi/wire_test.go
index 6686b78..e9f6357 100644
--- a/server/internal/wsapi/wire_test.go
+++ b/server/internal/wsapi/wire_test.go
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ func serverVariants() map[string]*noituv1.ServerMessage {
 		}}},
 		"server_game_started": {Payload: &noituv1.ServerMessage_GameStarted{GameStarted: &noituv1.GameStarted{
 			OpeningWord:     "hòa bình",
+			OpeningMeanings: []*noituv1.Sense{{Pos: "danh từ", Gloss: "Tình trạng không có chiến tranh."}},
 			CurrentSyllable: "bình",
 			MyTurn:          true,
 			DeadlineUnixMs:  1756998020000,
@@ -88,6 +89,10 @@ func serverVariants() map[string]*noituv1.ServerMessage {
 				Points:    2,
 				Syllables: 2,
 				PlayerId:  "p2",
+				Meanings: []*noituv1.Sense{
+					{Pos: "tính từ", Gloss: "Yên lành, không có gì xáo động."},
+					{Pos: "", Gloss: "Xem bình an."},
+				},
 			},
 			CurrentSyllable: "yên",
 			MyTurn:          true,
diff --git a/server/internal/wsapi/wsapi_test.go b/server/internal/wsapi/wsapi_test.go
index aa50fa4..43a41ee 100644
--- a/server/internal/wsapi/wsapi_test.go
+++ b/server/internal/wsapi/wsapi_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/coder/websocket"
 	noituv1 "github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/gen/noitu/v1"
 	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/bot"
+	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/dictionary"
 	"github.com/tiennm99dev/noitu/server/internal/game"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )
@@ -30,10 +31,13 @@ type testDict struct {
 	// words maps a canonical word to its first and last syllable.
 	words   map[string][2]string
 	opening string
+	// senses holds the meanings of the few words a test gives one to; every
+	// other word has none, which is also a case the client must handle.
+	senses map[string][]dictionary.Sense
 }
 
 func newTestDict(opening string, words ...string) *testDict {
-	d := &testDict{words: map[string][2]string{}, opening: opening}
+	d := &testDict{words: map[string][2]string{}, opening: opening, senses: map[string][]dictionary.Sense{}}
 	for _, w := range append(words, opening) {
 		parts := strings.Fields(w)
 		d.words[w] = [2]string{parts[0], parts[len(parts)-1]}
@@ -41,6 +45,14 @@ func newTestDict(opening string, words ...string) *testDict {
 	return d
 }
 
+// define gives a word one sense, so a test can see it arrive on the wire.
+func (d *testDict) define(word, pos, gloss string) *testDict {
+	d.senses[word] = append(d.senses[word], dictionary.Sense{Pos: pos, Gloss: gloss})
+	return d
+}
+
+func (d *testDict) Meanings(word string) []dictionary.Sense { return d.senses[word] }
+
 func (d *testDict) Resolve(word string) (string, bool) {
 	_, ok := d.words[word]
 	return word, ok
diff --git a/web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.d.ts b/web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.d.ts
index ff01c45..0ac1c78 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.d.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.d.ts
@@ -411,6 +411,15 @@ export declare type PlayedWord = Message<"noitu.v1.PlayedWord"> & {
    * @generated from field: string player_id = 6;
    */
   playerId: string;
+
+  /**
+   * What the word means, at most five senses. Empty when the dictionary has
+   * no definition for the word; the client then says so rather than hiding
+   * the row's panel, so every word in the chain behaves the same.
+   *
+   * @generated from field: repeated noitu.v1.Sense meanings = 7;
+   */
+  meanings: Sense[];
 };
 
 /**
@@ -419,6 +428,33 @@ export declare type PlayedWord = Message<"noitu.v1.PlayedWord"> & {
  */
 export declare const PlayedWordSchema: GenMessage<PlayedWord>;
 
+/**
+ * Sense is one definition of a word as Wiktionary gives it: the part of
+ * speech it sits under, in Vietnamese ("danh từ"), empty when the heading was
+ * not one the builder knows, and the definition stripped of markup at at most
+ * 200 characters. Plain text both: the client renders them as text, never as
+ * markup.
+ *
+ * @generated from message noitu.v1.Sense
+ */
+export declare type Sense = Message<"noitu.v1.Sense"> & {
+  /**
+   * @generated from field: string pos = 1;
+   */
+  pos: string;
+
+  /**
+   * @generated from field: string gloss = 2;
+   */
+  gloss: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Describes the message noitu.v1.Sense.
+ * Use `create(SenseSchema)` to create a new message.
+ */
+export declare const SenseSchema: GenMessage<Sense>;
+
 /**
  * PlayerSlot is one seat in the room, rendered for one recipient.
  *
@@ -600,6 +636,13 @@ export declare type GameStarted = Message<"noitu.v1.GameStarted"> & {
    * @generated from field: string turn_player_id = 8;
    */
   turnPlayerId: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The opening word's senses, as PlayedWord.meanings for a played word.
+   *
+   * @generated from field: repeated noitu.v1.Sense opening_meanings = 9;
+   */
+  openingMeanings: Sense[];
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.js b/web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.js
index 1e66f86..bae0720 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.js
+++ b/web/src/lib/proto/noitu/v1/game_pb.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import { enumDesc, fileDesc, messageDesc, tsEnum } from "@bufbuild/protobuf/code
  * Describes the file noitu/v1/game.proto.
  */
 export const file_noitu_v1_game = /*@__PURE__*/
-  fileDesc("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");
+  fileDesc("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");
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.Hello.
@@ -128,96 +128,103 @@ export const WelcomeSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
 export const PlayedWordSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
   messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 14);
 
+/**
+ * Describes the message noitu.v1.Sense.
+ * Use `create(SenseSchema)` to create a new message.
+ */
+export const SenseSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 15);
+
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.PlayerSlot.
  * Use `create(PlayerSlotSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const PlayerSlotSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 15);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 16);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.PlayerScore.
  * Use `create(PlayerScoreSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const PlayerScoreSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 16);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 17);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.GameStarted.
  * Use `create(GameStartedSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const GameStartedSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 17);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 18);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.TurnUpdate.
  * Use `create(TurnUpdateSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const TurnUpdateSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 18);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 19);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.MoveRejected.
  * Use `create(MoveRejectedSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const MoveRejectedSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 19);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 20);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.GameOver.
  * Use `create(GameOverSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const GameOverSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 20);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 21);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.PlayerEliminated.
  * Use `create(PlayerEliminatedSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const PlayerEliminatedSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 21);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 22);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.ServerError.
  * Use `create(ServerErrorSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const ServerErrorSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 22);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 23);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.Pong.
  * Use `create(PongSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const PongSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 23);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 24);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.RoomState.
  * Use `create(RoomStateSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const RoomStateSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 24);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 25);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.ChatMessage.
  * Use `create(ChatMessageSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const ChatMessageSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 25);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 26);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.ChatHistory.
  * Use `create(ChatHistorySchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const ChatHistorySchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 26);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 27);
 
 /**
  * Describes the message noitu.v1.ServerMessage.
  * Use `create(ServerMessageSchema)` to create a new message.
  */
 export const ServerMessageSchema = /*@__PURE__*/
-  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 27);
+  messageDesc(file_noitu_v1_game, 28);
 
 /**
  * Describes the enum noitu.v1.Difficulty.
diff --git a/web/tests/game-wire.test.js b/web/tests/game-wire.test.js
index 8ac3029..d79eb73 100644
--- a/web/tests/game-wire.test.js
+++ b/web/tests/game-wire.test.js
@@ -112,6 +112,22 @@ describe('generated wire types', () => {
 		expect(turn.turnSeq).toBe(2);
 	});
 
+	// The label and the definition travel as two fields, so the client decides
+	// how a label is shown and never has to parse it back out of the text.
+	it('carries a word\'s senses on the opening and on each move', () => {
+		const start = decode('server_game_started');
+		expect(start.payload.value.openingMeanings).toEqual([
+			expect.objectContaining({ pos: 'danh từ', gloss: 'Tình trạng không có chiến tranh.' })
+		]);
+
+		const turn = decode('server_turn_update');
+		const senses = turn.payload.value.played.meanings;
+		expect(senses).toHaveLength(2);
+		expect(senses[0].pos).toBe('tính từ');
+		expect(senses[1].pos).toBe('');
+		expect(senses[1].gloss).toBe('Xem bình an.');
+	});
+
 	it('decodes an empty client arm without losing its tag', () => {
 		const msg = decode('client_create_room');
 		expect(msg.payload.case).toBe('createRoom');